The frequency and cost of climate change-related disasters have been on the rise in Brazil in the recent decades. Despite Brazil’s progress in decreasing poverty over the past decades, climate change is posing a threat to those achievements. The growing intensity and frequency of shocks in the country, along with the potential to push more people into poverty, make it increasingly important for Brazil to prioritize specific investments and efforts that support the advancement of the Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) Agenda. The ASP Stress Test (ASP ST) is a questionnaire-style tool developed by the World Bank to evaluate a country’s social protection system’s ability to prepare and respond to covariate shocks. In the case of Brazil, the ST assessment was conducted through a desk review and supplemented by a round of virtual consultations with relevant government and non-government stakeholders and experts. The primary focus of the assessment was to evaluate the adaptiveness Brazil’s main cash transfer program BF. However, examples from the COVID-19 pandemic response as well as government-led responses to other shocks have also been considered to assess the adaptiveness of Brazil’s social protection system as a whole. This note summarizes the findings from an ASP ST assessment conducted in Brazil between January and March 2022.