This report evaluates the adequacy and sustainability of the Mongolian pension insurance scheme. It analyzes recent changes to pension parameters including amendments enacted in 2017 and early 2018. The report uses actuarial projections to assess the impact of changes, including the contribution rate and retirement age, on the fiscal costs of state subsidies to the scheme. The report finds that 2017-2018 changes including a discounted service buyback, reduction in herders’ retirement ages, and several supplements to service histories for herders and mothers will materially impact the sustainability and incentives of the scheme. It recommends several changes in parameters to limit the growth in fiscal costs and improve incentives. It also presents transition arrangements to smooth the impact of the reforms presented.