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Research . 2009
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Avenues for Export Diversification

Authors: Brenton, Paul; Newfarmer, Richard; Walkenhorst, Peter;

Avenues for Export Diversification

Abstract

While diversification of exports is often a desirable trade objective, it is far from clear how best to tap into new opportunities. This paper discusses the range of avenues of diversification, including (i) expanding the range of markets into which existing products are sold (geographic diversification); (ii) upgrading the value of existing products, including agricultural exports (quality diversification); and (iii) taking advantage of opportunities to expand non-merchandise exports (services diversification), in addition to introducing entirely new export products. All offer opportunities for cost?effective positive policies relating to the incentive regime, backbone services, and export support institutions.

Countries
Germany, United States
Related Organizations
Keywords

CUSTOMS, WORLD TRADE, EXPORT SECTOR, COMMODITIES, BINDING CONSTRAINTS, EXPORT MARKETS, ELASTICITIES, POLICY MAKERS, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, FAIR, INCOME, EXPORT GROWTH, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE OPENNESS, COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE PERFORMANCE, TRADE PREFERENCES, DOMESTIC REGULATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PERFECT INFORMATION, GROWTH IN TRADE, LABOR COSTS, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, OUTSOURCING, THIRD MARKETS, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, EXPORT PROMOTION, MERCHANDISE, EMERGING ECONOMIES, QUALITY STANDARDS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, NATURAL ENDOWMENTS, VARIABLE COSTS, GLOBAL ECONOMY, EXPORT STRUCTURE, TRADE BARRIERS, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, NEW MARKET, EXPORT PROMOTION AGENCY, SUPPLIER, BARRIER, ENVIRONMENTAL, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, INCOME LEVELS, MARKET FAILURE, COST SAVINGS, AVERAGE PRICE, FINANCIAL SERVICES, PER CAPITA INCOMES, BUSINESS CLIMATE, TRADE IN SERVICES, GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION, WEALTH, O24 - Trade Policy, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSUMERS, BRAND, Factor Movement Policy, WTO, GDP, DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, FAIR TRADE, PORTFOLIO, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL ECONOMY, ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, EXPORTS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, Foreign Exchange Policy, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, ECONOMIC REFORM, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, SPREAD, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS, REAL EXCHANGE RATES, F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade, FIXED COSTS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, CRITICAL MASS, MARKET INFORMATION, TRADE REGIME, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, MARKET EXPANSION, MARKET FAILURES, BARRIER TO ENTRY, TARIFF PROTECTION, INCOME GROUPS, BARRIERS TO COMPETITION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, MARGINAL REVENUE, NEW MARKETS, SMALL COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY MARKETS, EXPORT PRODUCTS, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, TRADE RELATIONSHIPS, FINISHED PRODUCT, TRADE MISSIONS, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, PRODUCERS, ADVERSE EFFECT, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INVENTORY, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, TRADE PROMOTION, EXCHANGE RATES, COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY, TERMS OF TRADE, TRANSACTION COSTS, DOMESTIC MARKET, MARKET ENTRY, IMPORT PRICE, MACROECONOMICS, TOURISM, PRODUCTIVITY, SALE, 320, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, PRODUCTION COSTS, POLITICAL STABILITY, CORPORATE TAXES, OPPORTUNITY COST, TRADE DATA, EXPORT TAX, TRADE POLICY, RAPID GROWTH, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, 330, INVESTMENT POLICIES, EXPORT MARKET, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, EXPORT PRICES, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, EXPORT PROCESSING, LABOR MARKET, NEW PRODUCTS, NATURAL RESOURCE, TRADE INTEGRATION, EXPORT PROMOTION AGENCIES, PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, GDP PER CAPITA, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM, INEQUALITY, MARKETING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, CHLORINE, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, SERVICES MARKETS, REGIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, MARKET PENETRATION, SUPPLIERS, OUTPUT, NEW PRODUCT, GREENHOUSE GASES, BILATERAL TRADE, PRICE VOLATILITY, PUBLIC POLICY, IMPORTS, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, LOW TARIFFS, EXPORT SUPPORT, FISCAL POLICIES, MERCHANDISE TRADE, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, SMALL ECONOMY, INCREASING RETURNS, PRODUCT QUALITY, NATURAL RESOURCES, TOURISM DEVELOPMENT, SAVINGS, OPEN MARKETS

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green