This policy note is a diagnostic of the state of Nigerian skills and human capital. It seeks to understand the kinds and levels of human capital that Nigeria possesses to support its efforts toward economic competitiveness over the next two decades. It also looks at inefficiencies of the Nigerian skills-building system, including the barriers to growth, barriers to sharing prosperity, and presents policy recommendations and actions to overcome these constraints. The policy note offers key insights into the drivers of the labor market, the underlying analysis of why Nigeria has been unable to reduce its poverty rate over time, the jobs landscape, and the drivers, dimensions, and directions for skills development to transform the Nigerian economy. The emphasis is on directions for public sector responsibility and public-private partnerships. The study reinforces the nexus between the jobs and the employability. Finally, it provides the analytical bases and policy and programmatic directions for the government of Nigeria in keeping with the World Bank country partnership strategy (FY2014-17).