Tunisia
Tunisia
This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) comes at critical moment in Tunisia. Since the 2011 revolution and the promulgation of a new constitution in 2014, Tunisia has been navigating a difficult political transition. While there have been gains in poverty reduction, public trust in government has declined sharply, and the economy has stalled. The COVID-19 pandemic and more recently the effects of the war in Ukraine also exacerbated stresses on the economy, the public finances, and public trust in government. Partly as result of these trends, recent political events since July 25 2021 have marked a break with the 2014 constitutional model, and created great uncertainty regarding the future direction of Tunisia’s transition. At the time of writing, it is still uncertain what form Tunisia’s new political and constitutional model will take in coming years. The Tunisia SCD takes a ten-year view of trends in Tunisia since 2011, drawing comparisons with other comparable countries, and suggesting possible future pathways. The World Bank Group undertakes SCDs as a diagnostic exercise to identify key challenges and opportunities to accelerate progress towards rebuilding trust and meeting citizen aspirations, and ultimately to contribute to the World Bank Group’s twin goals of ending absolute poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. It is intended to become a reference point for consultations on priorities for World Bank Group country engagement. It is also intended as a contribution to the public debate about Tunisia’s path forward. This longer term perspective means that the Tunisia SCD does not place a heavy emphasis on recent events, but rather seeks to situate them in the broader context of trends in equitable growth, poverty reduction, and state capability.
Cela fait maintenant une décennie que la Tunisie a amorcé sa transition sociale, politique et économique et que le pays évolue sur une trajectoire jalonnée d’instabilité et d’incertitude, sur fond de mouvements contestataires. La transition – mue par un élan d’espoir et des aspirations qui ont trouvé écho bien au-delà des frontières du pays – a appelé à plus de liberté et de dignité, au renforcement de la participation politique, à la consécration de la liberté d’expression et à la multiplication des opportunités et occasions d’inclusion. Ce cheminement a vite porté ses fruits, en amenant une plus grande ouverture démocratique, en libérant la parole et en consacrant les libertés civiques - principale revendication de la Révolution. A mesure que la Tunisie évoluait vers un schéma de plus grande ouverture politique, l’habileté des citoyens à faire entendre leurs revendications et préoccupations s’est remarquablement accrue. Leur niveau d’organisation et de mobilisation s’est développé à un niveau plus élevé que celui observé dans d’autres pays pairs, grâce à une société civile historiquement active et qui l’est restée. Aussi, la mobilisation de masse et le pouvoir de la rue ont amélioré les possibilités des citoyens tunisiens de faire rendre des comptes à l’Etat et de faire connaître leurs intérêts. Cette ouverture - qui distingue nettement la Tunisie de ses pairs – est l’occasion propice à l’engagement d’une renégociation pacifique du contrat social et du cheminement de transition.
- World Bank United States
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, PRODUCERS, ECONOMIC FACTORS, TAX RATES, MARKET POWER, MARKET COMPETITION, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, PRICE SUBSIDIES, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, PRICE DIFFERENCES, EXTERNALITIES, POPULATION GROWTH, EMISSIONS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, NATURAL CAPITAL, UNEMPLOYMENT, VALUES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, DISPOSABLE INCOME, WATER POLLUTION, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, OIL, INCENTIVES, OPTIONS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, POLICY DECISIONS, LABOR COSTS, RISK MANAGEMENT, 330, WELFARE GAINS, MODELS, CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT, SUBSIDIES, TAX REFORM, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, FISH, POLLUTION, FARMS, PRICES, WAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, EXPLOITATION, PURCHASING POWER, DEREGULATION, NATIONAL INCOME, ECONOMIC SITUATION, SUSTAINABLE WATER, DECISION MAKING, ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, DRINKING WATER, CONSUMPTION, AQUIFERS, COMPLIANCE COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, DEBT, WASTE MANAGEMENT, TRADE, RANGELANDS, EQUILIBRIUM, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, DEMOGRAPHICS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, LIVING CONDITIONS, PROPERTY, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENVIRONMENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC RENTS, RESOURCES, DEMAND, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, CLIMATE CHANGE, TRADEOFFS, MARKET PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, ARABLE LAND, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, CARBON, AUDITS, COAL, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, PRICE VARIATIONS, PRICE SETTING, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, DECISION–MAKING, TARIFFS, CAPITAL MARKETS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, CANCER, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AIR POLLUTION, LAND DEGRADATION, ACCELERATOR, REVENUE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, TAXES, EQUITY, SOIL DEGRADATION, LAND, EFFICIENCY, OIL SECTOR, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COMPETITION, PROFITS, SOCIAL COSTS, CREDIT, EXPENDITURES, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WATER PRICING, FISCAL POLICIES, LABOR MARKETS, FORESTRY, SHARED PROSPERITY, EXPECTATIONS, ECONOMICS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CAPITAL FORMATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, LABOR FORCE, OLIGOPOLIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, REVENUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CPI, POLITICAL TRANSITION, WASTE DISPOSAL, PRESENT VALUE
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, PRODUCERS, ECONOMIC FACTORS, TAX RATES, MARKET POWER, MARKET COMPETITION, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, PRICE SUBSIDIES, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, PRICE DIFFERENCES, EXTERNALITIES, POPULATION GROWTH, EMISSIONS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, NATURAL CAPITAL, UNEMPLOYMENT, VALUES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, DISPOSABLE INCOME, WATER POLLUTION, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, OIL, INCENTIVES, OPTIONS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, POLICY DECISIONS, LABOR COSTS, RISK MANAGEMENT, 330, WELFARE GAINS, MODELS, CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT, SUBSIDIES, TAX REFORM, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, FISH, POLLUTION, FARMS, PRICES, WAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, EXPLOITATION, PURCHASING POWER, DEREGULATION, NATIONAL INCOME, ECONOMIC SITUATION, SUSTAINABLE WATER, DECISION MAKING, ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, DRINKING WATER, CONSUMPTION, AQUIFERS, COMPLIANCE COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, DEBT, WASTE MANAGEMENT, TRADE, RANGELANDS, EQUILIBRIUM, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, DEMOGRAPHICS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, LIVING CONDITIONS, PROPERTY, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENVIRONMENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC RENTS, RESOURCES, DEMAND, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, CLIMATE CHANGE, TRADEOFFS, MARKET PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, ARABLE LAND, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, CARBON, AUDITS, COAL, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, PRICE VARIATIONS, PRICE SETTING, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, DECISION–MAKING, TARIFFS, CAPITAL MARKETS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, CANCER, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AIR POLLUTION, LAND DEGRADATION, ACCELERATOR, REVENUE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, TAXES, EQUITY, SOIL DEGRADATION, LAND, EFFICIENCY, OIL SECTOR, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, COMPETITION, PROFITS, SOCIAL COSTS, CREDIT, EXPENDITURES, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WATER PRICING, FISCAL POLICIES, LABOR MARKETS, FORESTRY, SHARED PROSPERITY, EXPECTATIONS, ECONOMICS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CAPITAL FORMATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, LABOR FORCE, OLIGOPOLIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, REVENUES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CPI, POLITICAL TRANSITION, WASTE DISPOSAL, PRESENT VALUE
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