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Trastorno de personalidad psicopático y alcoholismo

Authors: Barchino Quintana, Silvia;

Trastorno de personalidad psicopático y alcoholismo

Abstract

En el presente trabajo se ha revisado la literatura publicada sobre el trastorno de personalidad (TP) psicopático y el trastorno por consumo de alcohol, prestando especial atención a las relaciones existentes entre ambos trastornos. Así, se ha encontrado que ambos trastornos tienen factores psicológicos y biológicos predisponentes comunes. La disposición de ciertos rasgos de personalidad, como puede ser la impulsividad, falta de empatía y baja tolerancia a la frustración, entre otros, característico de la psicopatía se relaciona significativamente con las adicciones. Además, también existe vinculación entre rasgos característicos de la psicopatía y rasgos que propician el alcoholismo, con alteraciones en las mismas áreas del cerebro: áreas frontales, sistema límbico, particularmente en la amígdala, y sistema de activación conductual (SAC). En último lugar, hemos querido plasmar los acercamientos terapéuticos más utilizados para este tipo de trastornos y el que mejor resultados ha arrojado, el modelo de Riesgo- Necesidad- Responsividad (RNR).

In this thesis we have reviewed th published literature on psychopathic personality disorder (PD) and alcohol consumption disorder, paying special attention to the relationships between both disorders. Thus, both disorders have been found to have common predisposing psychological and biological factors. The disposition of certain personality traits, such as impulsiveness, lack of empathy and low tolerance to frustration, among others, characteristic of psychopathy, is significantly related to addictions. In addition, there is also a link between characteristic features of psychopathy and features that promote alcoholism, with alterations in the same areas of the brain: frontal areas, limbic system, particularly in the amygdala, and behavioral activation system (BAS). Lastly, we wanted to highlight the most widely used therapeutic approaches for this type of disorders and the one that has produced the best results, the Risk-Necessity-Responsiveness (RNR) model.

Keywords

61, Psychology, Psicología social, Psicología

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green