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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2023
License: CC BY NC ND
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Caracterización de los factores abióticos que intervienen en la aparición de ciertas fisiopatías en el cultivo sin suelo

Authors: Birlanga Murcia, Virginia;

Caracterización de los factores abióticos que intervienen en la aparición de ciertas fisiopatías en el cultivo sin suelo

Abstract

En el actual escenario de cambio climático provocado por el ser humano, es probable que los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos afecten a la producción agrícola en todo el mundo. Los sistemas de producción sin suelo han surgido recientemente como solución para optimizar el uso de los recursos naturales, como el agua y el suelo, y por tanto contribuirán a reducir el impacto ambiental de la agricultura. El desequilibrio nutricional debido a factores ambientales adversos, como la sequía, las altas temperaturas y la salinidad, podría producir trastornos fisiológicos relacionados con el calcio durante el crecimiento de las plantas, como la podredumbre del extremo de la flor o blossom end rot (BER) en los frutos y la quemadura de la punta o tipburn (TB) en las hojas, que constituyen un grave problema en la producción de cultivos. El análisis de los factores agronómicos, fisiológicos y genéticos que favorecen la inducción de fisiopatías como la BER en el tomate y la TB en la lechuga es fundamental para entender los mecanismos que intervienen en estos procesos de degeneración y poder proporcionar soluciones desde su aporte exógeno de nutrientes en ciertas etapas del cultivo como en la mejora genética de las variedades a utilizar. En esta Tesis se ha ideado un procedimiento de bajo coste de cultivo hidropónico cerrado, para así poder evaluar el crecimiento de lechugas en un cultivo hidropónico. Se monitoreó mediante imágenes la tasa de crecimiento, la masa vegetal y el grado de TB en diferentes etapas del año y se asoció a su concentración nutricional. Estudiamos 12 genotipos de lechuga de los subtipos crisphead y hoja de roble, que diferían en su resistencia al TB, durante tres temporadas de cultivo (otoño, invierno y primavera). Encontramos interesantes interacciones genotipo × ambiente (G × A) para algunos de los rasgos estudiados durante el crecimiento temprano. Al analizar la incidencia de TB y el contenido de nutrientes en las hojas, pudimos identificar una serie de rasgos nutricionales que estaban altamente correlacionados con el TB dependiente del cultivar y del genotipo. La tecnificación de los procesos, la digitalización de los sistemas y una mejora continua de los factores genéticos de las variedades nos proporcionarán las herramientas adecuadas para un uso preciso de los recursos naturales que requiere la agricultura durante los próximos años.

In the current scenario of human-induced climate change, extreme weather events are likely to affect agricultural production worldwide. Soilless production systems have recently emerged as a solution to optimise the use of natural resources, such as water and soil, and will therefore contribute to reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. Nutritional imbalance due to adverse environmental factors, such as drought, high temperatures and salinity, could lead to calcium-related physiological disorders during plant growth, such as blossom end rot (BER) in fruits and tipburn (TB) in leaves, which are a serious problem in crop production. The analysis of the agronomic, physiological and genetic factors that favour the induction of physiopathies such as BER in tomato and TB in lettuce is essential to understand the mechanisms involved in these degeneration processes and to be able to provide solutions, from the exogenous supply of nutrients at certain stages of the crop to the genetic improvement of the varieties to be used. In this thesis, a low-cost closed hydroponic culture procedure has been devised to evaluate the growth of lettuce in a hydroponic culture. Growth rate, plant mass and rate of TB at different stages of the year were monitored by imaging and associated with their nutrient concentration. We studied 12 lettuce genotypes of crisphead and oak-leaf subtypes, which differed in their resistance to TB, during three growing seasons (autumn, winter and spring). We found interesting genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for some of the traits studied during early growth. By analysing TB incidence and leaf nutrient content, we were able to identify several nutritional traits that were highly correlated with cultivar- and genotypedependent TB. Technification of processes, a digitalisation of systems and continuous improvement of genetic factors of varieties in agriculture will provide us with the right tools for an accurate use of natural resources required by agriculture in the coming years.

Ciencias de la Alimentación

Agricultura y Veterinaria

Ciencias Ambientales

Country
Spain
Keywords

cultivo sin suelo, agricultura, CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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