A study of the effect the atmosphere has on anomalous propagation is performed on an active radar fire control/guidance system operating around 13 GHZ and a passive Electronic Support Measure (ESM) countermeasure (CM) system designed to detect signals in the 600 MHZ range. Atmospheric conditions for three different areas of the world were examined: the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the Caribbean. Also demonstrated were the different effects horizontally homogeneous and inhomogeneous atmospheric profiles can have on electromagnetic (EM) systems. A comparison with a standard atmosphere was done for both the radar and the ESM system to illustrate the effect ducting conditions have on extended signal strength.

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http://archive.org/details/effectsofsurface1094525885

Lieutenant, United States Navy