A 22-year-old female German student was admitted with fever of unknown origin for 5 days to the hospital of her hometown immediately after returning from a 7-week journey under simple conditions through 4 West African countries. After exclusion of malaria and typhoid and nonrespondence to antibiosis, she was transferred on the 4th day to the Department of Tropical Medicine in Würzburg. After the clinical assumption of Lassa fever, the virus was confirmed by PCR within 3 hours (Bernhard Nocht Institute, Hamburg) on the 10th day of her illness. The assumption was based on travel history, continuous fever, cough, pharyngitis, thoracic pain, and exclusion of other acute infections. From the beginning, the patient was cared for with barrier nursing and after diagnosis under strict isolation in an intensive care unit reserved for her alone by a team of doctors and nurses specialized in tropical medicine and intensive care. The staff was protected through isolation suits with filters. Monitoring and therapy entailed all methods of intensive care and intravenous administration of ribavirin 16 mg/kg body weight = 900 mg every 6 hours. The patient died on the 14th day of her illness in a volume deficiency shock due to uncontrollable heavy hemorrhage from all organs including the skin, a so-called "leakage syndrome".Conclusions are drawn regarding training in tropical medicine, diagnostics of highly contagious infections, intensive care of patients affected with them under isolation, contact tracing, psychological crisis intervention for personnel, media information, care of the infectious corpse and disposal of infectious waste.