One of the major barriers to effective cancer treatment is the environment is which cancer grows. Tumors insulate themselves in a thick protein structure that leads to a stiffening of the breast tissue. In addition, irregular tumor-associated blood vessels lead to poor blood flow, and therefore a lack of oxygen, in the center of the tumor. These and other characteristics of tumors create an environment in which cancer cells are resistant to current anti-cancer therapies and thereby allows them to flourish. It was recently discovered that, contrary to previous belief, there are resident bacteria present in normal and cancerous breast tissue. The role they play in controlling cancer development and progression in the tumor is unknown. The work described here elaborates on the tumor environmental barriers to current anti-cancer therapies and shows how one bacterial produced compound may interact with other features of the tumor environment in order to control breast cancer survival.

The tumor microenvironment is a well-recognized contributor to cancer progression in solid tumors. Cancer cell interactions with abnormal extracellular matrix, tumor associated immune and stromal cells, and aberrant fluid flow all contribute to cancer progression. Breast tumors are often characterized by a dense collagenous stroma and a hypoxic core. A recently identified and little understood component of the breast tumor microenvironment is the breast microbiome. The work described here elaborates on the importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and demonstrates the importance of studying cancer-microbiome interactions in the context of tumor microenvironmental stimuli.

Master of Science