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Television, electoral debates and democracy

Authors: Torre, Iván;

Television, electoral debates and democracy

Abstract

Los debates públicos entre candidatos durante la campaña electoral son una práctica común en la mayoría de las democracias modernas. Al día de hoy los determinantes de esta práctica no están claros al comparar entre países: si bien académicos han estudiado la decisión individual que lleva a un candidato a participar o no en un debate, poco se sabe sobre qué es lo que hace más probable que estos debates se celebren en un país o en otro. En este trabajo me focalizo en el rol de la tecnología de los medios de comunicación y estudio la relación entre los debates electorales y la penetración de la televisión. Para llevar adelante este estudio construí una base inédita que registra cuándo se realizaron debates electorales para la posición ejecutiva más alta en 32 países democráticos en el período 1945-2008. Encuentro que la penetración de la televisión está positivamente asociada con una mayor probabilidad de celebrar debates electorales, aunque esta relación es no-lineal: existe un umbral –alrededor de 27 televisores cada 100 habitantes- que aumenta enormemente la probabilidad de que dicha práctica se lleve a cabo. Chequeo la solidez de las estimaciones verificando si las características institucionales del país tienen un efecto y encuentro que la relación entre la penetración de la televisión y los debates electorales es particularmente importante para aquellos países cuyas instituciones tienen origen en el derecho anglosajón.

Public debates between candidates during electoral campaigns are a common feature of most modern democracies. The drivers of this practice are not well understood in a cross-country setting: whilst researchers have studied the individual decision that drives a candidate to engage or not in such debate, little is known about what makes some countries more prone to hold this type of political events than others. In this paper I focus on the role of media technology by studying the relationship between electoral debates and the penetration of television. To do so, I built a unique database that registers the timing of electoral debates for the highest executive position in 32 democratic countries for the period 1945-2008. I find that, indeed, increased TV penetration is positively associated with a higher probability of holding electoral debates, although this relationship is non-linear: there is a threshold –around 27 TV sets per 100 inhabitants- which increases dramatically the probability of such event happening. I check the robustness of the estimates by looking at whether institutional characteristics have an effect and find that the relationship between TV penetration and electoral debates is particularly important for countries whose institutions trace to Common Law.

Fil: Torre, Iván. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green