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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2016
License: CC BY NC ND
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UCrea
Bachelor thesis . 2016
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UCrea
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La inmunoterapia con anticuerpos monoclonales y sus derivados

Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Nahia;

La inmunoterapia con anticuerpos monoclonales y sus derivados

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies have two important characteristics as potential therapeutic agents: a high specificity and strong affinity for its targets; in addition, they are susceptible to be designed “á la carte”. Since the first use of polyclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents in the beginning of the past century, due to their animal origins and human host rejection, the therapeutic range of these antibodies was limited to a short number of pathologies. Since the second half of the past century and thanks to the development of hybridomas, genetic and protein engineering as well as transgenic animals, nowadays it is possible to obtain, in a reasonable period of time, human monoclonal antibodies directed to specific therapeutic targets. In addition, protein engineering brings de opportunity to modify the structure of the immunoglobulin in a way that it maintains its target meanwhile its efficiency is increased. Many immunotherapeutic drugs are used today in the treatment of various diseases and there are more of them on clinical trials, immunotherapy together with vaccination are considered nowadays as true bestsellers of bio-pharmaceutical industry with good perspectives for future.

Los anticuerpos monoclonales poseen dos características relevantes como potenciales agentes terapéuticos: alta especificidad y elevada afinidad por la diana; además, son susceptibles de un “diseño a la carta”. Desde el primer uso de anticuerpos policlonales a principios del siglo pasado como agentes terapéuticos, su espectro de aplicación había quedado limitado a un número reducido de patologías debido a su rechazo por el receptor al tratarse de proteínas obtenidas en animales. Desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado y gracias al desarrollo de hibridomas y, posteriormente, de técnicas de ingeniería genética y proteica, así como de organismos transgénicos, se pueden hoy en día obtener en un tiempo razonable anticuerpos monoclonales humanos dirigidos contra dianas terapéuticas específicas. Además, la ingeniería de proteínas nos permite modificar la estructura de la inmunoglobulina de tal forma que, manteniendo su diana, incrementen su eficiencia. A día de hoy son muchos los fármacos inmunoterapéuticos aprobados para su uso y existen otros muchos en fase de ensayos clínicos, siendo estos uno de los productos con mayor desarrollo y mejores perspectivas en la industria farmacéutica.

Grado en Medicina

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hybridomas, Industria farmacéutica, Transgenic organisms, Ingeniería genética y proteica, Organismos transgénicos, Anticuerpos monoclonales, Diseño a la carta, Hibridomas, Genetic and protein engineering, Dianas terapéuticas, Monoclonal antibodies, Inmunoterapéuticos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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