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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
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UCrea
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UCrea
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Enfermedad renal crónica avanzada

Advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Coterillo Ruisánchez, Marina;

Enfermedad renal crónica avanzada

Abstract

En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG), se realiza una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre la Enfermedad Renal Crónica avanzada (ERCA), centrándose en su definición, epidemiología, factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos, clasificación y opciones terapéuticas. A través de un protocolo sistemático PRISMA, se analizaron 20 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025 incluyendo guías KDIGO, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos. Se describe el modelo CGA (Causa, Filtrado Glomerular, Albuminuria) para estadificar la ERCA, y se detallan las principales complicaciones cardiovasculares, metabólicas, inflamatorias y cutáneas (prurito urémico) que incrementan la morbimortalidad y deterioran la calidad de vida. Se identifican factores de riesgo no modificables (edad, genética, antecedentes familiares) y modificables (hipertensión, diabetes, proteinuria, disbiosis intestinal, estilo de vida, nefrotoxicidad farmacológica), subrayando su interacción sinérgica. En el abordaje terapéutico, se contrastan estrategias conservadoras (nutrición individualizada, control de comorbilidades, moduladores del microbioma) con la preparación para terapia de reemplazo renal (hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal, trasplante), destacando la importancia de la toma de decisiones compartida y los cuidados paliativos. Finalmente, se proponen líneas de acción para optimizar la detección precoz, personalizar el tratamiento y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con ERCA, contribuyendo así a una gestión sanitaria más eficiente y centrada en la persona.

In this Final Degree Project (TFG), a comprehensive literature review is carried out on advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD), focusing on its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, classification, and therapeutic options. Through a systematic PRISMA protocol, 20 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed, including KDIGO guidelines, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The CGA (Cause, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria) model for staging ACKD is described, and the main cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and cutaneous (uremic pruritus) complications that increase morbidity and mortality and impair quality of life are detailed. Non-modifiable (age, genetics, family history) and modifiable (hypertension, diabetes, proteinuria, intestinal dysbiosis, lifestyle, pharmacological nephrotoxicity) risk factors are identified, highlighting their synergistic interaction. The therapeutic approach contrasts conservative strategies (individualized nutrition, comorbidity management, microbiome modulators) with preparation for renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplantation), highlighting the importance of shared decision-making and palliative care. Finally, courses of action are proposed to optimize early detection, personalize treatment, and improve the quality of life of patients with ACKD, thus contributing to more efficient and person-centered healthcare management.

Grado en Enfermería

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Advanced chronic kidney disease, Factores de riesgo renal, Epidemiology, Enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, Epidemiología, Renal risk factors, Abordaje terapéutico, Therapeutic approach

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average