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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
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UCrea
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UCrea
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Estudio del impuesto negativo sobre la renta personal

Negative tax over the personal income study
Authors: Marian Nechita, Nicolae;

Estudio del impuesto negativo sobre la renta personal

Abstract

El Impuesto Negativo sobre la Renta (INR) es un mecanismo fiscal diseñado para reducir la desigualdad económica proporcionando un complemento de renta a aquellas personas cutos ingresos están por debajo de un umbral determinado. A diferencia de los subsidios tradicionales, el INR se integra dentro del sistema fiscal, funcionando como una deducción inversa que permite a los beneficiarios recibir pagos en lugar de pagar impuestos. Esta estructura busca una asignación más eficiente de los recursos públicos, evitando la fragmentación y burocracia de múltiples programas de asistencias. La idea fue popularizada por Milton Friedman en 1962, quien argumentó que este modelo no solo proporcionaría una ayuda económica directa a los más necesitados, sino que también haría el sistema fiscal más transparente y reduciría los desincentivos laborales presentes en los esquemas de bienestar social tradicionales. El presente trabajo analiza la viabilidad de implementar el INR en España, comparándolo con el Ingreso Mínimo Vital (IMV) y la prestación por desempleo, dos de las principales ayudas económicas en el país. Se estudia su impacto potencial en la reducción de la pobreza y la incentivación del empleo, además de evaluar su posible financiación dentro del marco del sistema fiscal español. A través de simulaciones y análisis comparativos, se busca determinar si el INR podría mejorar la eficiencia y equidad del gasto público sin generar un incremento significativo a los sistemas de ayuda actuales.

The Negative Income Tax (NIT) is a fiscal mechanism designed to reduce economic inequality by providing an income supplement to individuals whose earnings fall below a certain threshold. Unlike traditional subsidies, the NIT is integrated into the tax system, functioning as a reverse deduction that allows beneficiaries to receive payments instead of paying taxes. This structure aims for a more efficient allocation of public resources, avoiding the fragmentation and bureaucracy of multiple welfare programs. The idea was popularized by Milton Friedman in 1962, who argued that this model would not only provide direct economic assistance to those in need but also make the tax system more transparent and reduce the work disincentives present in traditional welfare schemes. This study analyzes the feasibility of implementing the NIT in Spain, comparing it with the Mminimum Vital Income (IMV) and unemployment benefits, two of the country’s main economic aid programs. It examines its potential impact on poverty reduction and employment incentives, as well as its possible financing within the framework of the Spanish tax system. Through simulations and comparative analysis, the study seeks to determine whether the NIT could improve the efficiency and fairness of public spending without causing a significant increase in the state budget, thus offering a more effective and sustainable alternative to current welfare systems.

Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas

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Spain
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green