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handle: 10902/33115
La epilepsia refractaria representa hasta el 33% de los casos de epilepsia a nivel mundial. Entre las opciones de tratamiento, habitualmente encontramos abordajes invasivos, como la intervención quirúrgica o la neuroestimulación. En este contexto, la adherencia a una dieta cetogénica se plantea como alternativa no invasiva. La dieta cetogénica es un plan alimenticio que imita las consecuencias fisiológicas del ayuno mediante la producción de cuerpos cetónicos, los cuales sustituirán parcialmente a la glucosa en su rol energético. Pese a que existen variaciones de la dieta cetogénica clásica, todas se fundamentan en una ingesta muy limitada de carbohidratos, y un elevado consumo de lípidos, lo cual no sigue la mayoría de las recomendaciones generales dietéticas de instituciones europeas y nacionales. La evidencia de la efectividad en la relación dieta cetogénica-epilepsia muestra resultados desiguales entre diferentes grupos de edad. En población adulta, la cantidad de evidencia se ve mermada y la mayoría de literatura no aporta resultados significativos. La evidencia en la población infantil es notablemente más extensa y homogénea, con varios meta-análisis y revisiones encontrando a esta dieta como un método viable preventivo de las crisis. La necesidad de una investigación más homogénea y longitudinal aparece resaltada en gran parte de la literatura, incluyendo la de entidades como Cochrane o la ILAE.
Drug resistant epilepsy depicts up to 33% of epilepsy cases around the world. Amidst the treatment options, it is common to find invasive approaches as surgical intervention or neurostimulation. In this context, adherence to a ketogenic diet is introduced as a non-invasive treatment alternative. The ketogenic diet is a dietary plan that mimics the physiological consequences of fasting, producing ketone bodies, which will partially replace glucose in its energy role. Despite there are variations of the classical ketogenic diet, all of them are rooted in a very restricted intake of carbohydrates, with a high intake of lipids, which does not line up with most of the dietary recommendations proposed by European and national institutions. Evidence of the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in epilepsy shows uneven results among different age groups. In adults, the amount of evidence is narrow and a large proportion of literature does not display significant results. Nevertheless, evidence in the pediatric population is markedly more extensive and homogeneous, with several significant meta-analyses and reviews finding this diet as a viable method in seizure prevention. A need for more homogeneous and longitudinal research is emphasised in much of the literature, including entities as Cochrane or the ILAE.
Grado en Enfermería
Adult, Dieta cetogénica, Drug resistant epilepsy, Adulto, Niño, Ketogenic diet, Child, Epilepsia refractaria
Adult, Dieta cetogénica, Drug resistant epilepsy, Adulto, Niño, Ketogenic diet, Child, Epilepsia refractaria
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