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handle: 10902/30547
El sistema circadiano es el “reloj interno” que poseen la mayoría de seres vivos para regular los ritmos fisiológicos orgánicos. El ciclo luz-oscuridad y la melatonina son dos de los factores más importantes en la sincronización de estos ritmos circadianos. Los denominados “genes reloj” juegan un papel clave, puesto que además de regular los ritmos circadianos, también intervienen en el ciclo celular, la apoptosis y la reparación del ADN. La disfunción crónica del sistema circadiano se denomina cronodisrupción y constituye un factor de riesgo para muchas patologías, incluido el cáncer. Una causa frecuente de cronodisrupción es el trabajo a turnos, definido por la IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) como “probablemente carcinógeno para el ser humano” (Grupo 2A). Todavía es necesario seguir investigando, pero los estudios en humanos sugieren una asociación positiva entre el trabajo a turnos y el cáncer, especialmente de mama y próstata. El fortalecimiento del sistema circadiano con melatonina exógena o terapias de luz azul puede ayudar a disminuir la cronodisrupción en los trabajadores a turnos. Además, aunque es un campo todavía en desarrollo, la cronomedicina tiene un futuro prometedor en el tratamiento del cáncer, potenciando los efectos antitumorales y reduciendo las reacciones adversas.
The circadian system is the "internal clock" that most living beings possess to regulate organic physiological rhythms. The light-dark cycle and melatonin are two of the most important factors in synchronizing these circadian rhythms. The so-called "clock genes" play a key role, since in addition to regulating circadian rhythms, they are also involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA repair. Chronic dysfunction of the circadian system is called chronodisruption and it is a risk factor for many pathologies, including cancer. A frequent cause of chronodisruption is shift work, defined by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). Further research is still needed, but human studies suggest a positive association between shift work and cancer, especially breast and prostate cancer. Strengthening the circadian system with exogenous melatonin or blue light therapies may help decrease chronodisruption in shift workers. Furthermore, although still a developing field, chronomedicine has a promising future in cancer treatment, enhancing antitumor effects and reducing adverse reactions.
Grado en Medicina
Melatonina, Chronodisruption, Trabajo a turnos, Shift work, Circadian system, Cronodisrupción, Cáncer, Sistema circadiano, Melatonin, Cancer
Melatonina, Chronodisruption, Trabajo a turnos, Shift work, Circadian system, Cronodisrupción, Cáncer, Sistema circadiano, Melatonin, Cancer
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