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handle: 10902/30470
En la última década, el desarrollo de la nanomedicina y la terapia génica ha logrado grandes avances en la administración de los distintos tipos de ácidos nucleicos para su aplicación en el tratamiento patologías. Los ácidos nucleicos son potenciales agentes terapéuticos y para su transporte y liberación es necesario el uso de vectores. Los sistemas de administración se basan principalmente en vectores virales, aunque estos presentan inconvenientes importantes como problemas de seguridad y baja capacidad de carga por lo que se están desarrollando vectores sintéticos como alternativa. En este trabajo de fin de grado se analizarán en profundidad los últimos avances en la producción de vectores no virales y su aplicación en diferentes enfermedades. Además, se revisará una de las aplicaciones clínicas más novedosas y prometedoras de la terapia génica: la terapia de las células CAR-T. Se analizarán los productos aprobados para su uso clínico y las nuevas tecnologías de transferencia genética no vírica para su producción.
In the last decade, the development of nanomedicine and gene therapy has achieved great advances in the delivery of different types of nucleic acids for their application in the treatment of pathologies. Nucleic acids are potential therapeutic agents and their transport and release require the use of vectors. Delivery systems are mainly based on viral vectors, although these have significant drawbacks such as safety problems and low cargo capacity, so synthetic vectors are being developed as an alternative. In this thesis, the latest advances in the production of non-viral vectors and their application in different diseases will be analyzed in depth. In addition, one of the most novel and promising clinical applications of gene therapy will be reviewed: CAR-T cell therapy. Products approved for clinical use and new non-viral cell transformation technologies for their production will be discussed.
Grado en Medicina
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