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Farmacogenómica de los fármacos antidepresivos

Authors: Ghais Fernández, Sara;

Farmacogenómica de los fármacos antidepresivos

Abstract

RESUMEN : El auge de casos de depresión en la actualidad subraya la necesidad de comprender el funcionamiento de los fármacos antidepresivos, centrales en el tratamiento de este trastorno. La mayoría de los fármacos antidepresivos se metabolizan por las enzimas del citocromo P450 y UDP-glucuronosiltransferasas en el hígado. Las isoenzimas más importantes son las CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8 y CYP2C9. Este trabajo se focaliza en la farmacogenómica de los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y de los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y noradrenalina. Las principales isoenzimas implicadas en la biotransformación de casi todos los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina son CYP3A4, CYP2D6 y CYP2D19, mientras que la metabolización de los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y noradrenalina se produce principalmente a través del metabolismo hepático que involucra dos isoenzimas CYP2D6 y CYP1A2. Las variaciones genéticas en dichos genes pueden dar lugar a cambios en la actividad metabólica de la enzima que codifican y, en consecuencia, puede producirse una gran variabilidad interindividual en los pacientes. Debido a esto, con la información con la que contamos en la actualidad, resulta imposible pronosticar la efectividad y posibles efectos adversos de estos fármacos hasta la monitorización del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT : The peak of depression cases in recent years highlights the need of fully understanding the way in which antidepressants work, as they are central in treating this disease. Most antidepressants are metabolized through the P450 cytochrome’s enzymes and the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the liver. The most important isoenzymes are CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. This paper focuses on the pharmacogenetics of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. The main isozymes entailed during the biotransformation of almost all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2D19, while the metabolization of the serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors is mainly produced through the hepatic metabolism that entails two P450 isoenzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP1A2. The genetic variations of said genes can result in alterations of the metabolic activity of the enzyme they codify and, as a result, this can produce great interindividual variability in patients. Due to this, with the information we have nowadays, it is impossible to foreshadow the effectiveness and the possible side effects these drugs can have until monitoring the treatment.

Grado en Medicina

Keywords

Pharmacogenetics, Farmacogenética, Citocromo P450, Antidepresivos, Cytochrome P450, Antidepressants, Fenoconversión, Phenoconversion

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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