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Trasplante pulmonar por enfisema, ¿solo enfisema o hay algo más?

Authors: Pérez Barquín, Elena;

Trasplante pulmonar por enfisema, ¿solo enfisema o hay algo más?

Abstract

RESUMEN : INTRODUCCIÓN: El enfisema asociado a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) supone, tanto en España como a nivel global, la segunda causa más frecuente de indicación de trasplante pulmonar. Se ha visto, especialmente en estudios centrados en trasplante por enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas, que no es infrecuente el hallazgo de diagnósticos añadidos al realizar el análisis del explante. Sin embargo, nunca se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo poniendo el foco en la histología del explante de aquellos pacientes trasplantados por enfisema. OBJETIVOS: Realizar una revisión de la histología de los explantes, así como de otras variables clínicas, en pacientes trasplantados por EPOC, para analizar la frecuencia con la que se añaden nuevos diagnósticos histológicos relevantes. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y comparativo, retrospectivo, que incluyó a todos los pacientes trasplantados pulmonares por enfisema en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla entre el 01/01/2011 y el 31/10/2021. Asimismo, se incorporó un grupo control conformado por pacientes operados por cáncer de pulmón entre el 01/11/2011 y el 31/12/2019, con diagnóstico previo de EPOC. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 365 pacientes, 160 (43,8%) trasplantados y 205 (56,2%) operados por cáncer de pulmón. El grupo de cirugía por cáncer presentó un mayor consumo acumulado de tabaco, con una mediana de 50 paquetes-año, frente a 40 paquetes-año en los trasplantados (p < 0,001). Se vieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la proporción de casos en los que tras la revisión del parénquima pulmonar se añaden diagnósticos extra: 58,1% de los trasplantados vs. 12,7% de los operados por cáncer (p < 0,001). En el subgrupo de trasplantados, los hallazgos histológicos añadidos más frecuente fueron las neumonías intersticiales no específicas (39,7%), mientras que en el subgrupo con cáncer fueron las neumoconiosis (30,8%). CONCLUSIONES: Existe un alto porcentaje de hallazgos histológicos añadidos, no secundarios al daño provocado por el propio tabaco, en pacientes trasplantados por enfisema. Además, estos hallazgos son significativamente más frecuentes que los encontrados en otros pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC y mayor consumo tabáquico, pero con mejor función respiratoria. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado factores predictivos que faciliten la identificación de este subgrupo de pacientes con el objetivo de optimizar su manejo en caso de que fueran subsidiarios de tratamiento específico.

ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND: Emphysema associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is, in Spain as well as globally, the second most common cause of lung transplantation. It has been reported, especially in studies focused on transplant for interstitial lung diseases, that it is not uncommon to find additional diagnoses when performing the explant analysis. However, an exhaustive study focusing on the histology of the explant of those transplanted for emphysema has never been carried out. OBJECTIVES: Conduct a review of the histology of the explants, as well as other clinical variables, in patients transplanted for COPD, to analyze the frequency with which new relevant histological diagnoses are added. METHODS: A descriptive and comparative, retrospective study was carried out, which included all patients who underwent lung transplantation for emphysema at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital between 01/01/2011 and 10/31/2021. Correspondingly, a control group comprised of patients operated on for lung cancer between 11/01/2011 and 12/31/2019, with a diagnosis of COPD before the surgery, was included. RESULTS: A total of 365 patients were included, of whom 160 (43.8%) underwent transplantation and 205 (56.2%) underwent surgery for lung cancer. The cancer surgery group presented a higher cumulative consumption of tobacco, with a median of 50 pack years, compared to 40 pack-years in the transplant recipients (p < 0.001). Significant differences were seen in the proportion of cases in which extra diagnoses were added after the histological review of the lung parenchyma: 58.1% of the transplant recipients vs. 12.7% of those operated on for cancer (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of transplant patients, the most frequent histological findings were nonspecific interstitial pneumonias (39.7%), while in the subgroup with cancer they were pneumoconiosis (30.8%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high percentage of added histological findings, not secondary to the damage caused by tobacco itself, in patients transplanted for emphysema. In addition, these findings are significantly more frequent than those found in other patients with a diagnosis of COPD and higher tobacco consumption, but with better respiratory status. However, no predictive factors have been found to identify this subgroup of patients with the aim of optimizing the management of those eligible for a specific treatment.

Grado en Medicina

Keywords

Hallazgos histológicos, Enfisema, Emphysema, Trasplante pulmonar, Lung transplantation, Histological findings, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, Explante, Explant

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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