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handle: 10902/23156
El presento proyecto, `` ensayos no destructivos en el sector ferroviario´´, tiene por objetivo principal el mantenimiento de las ruedas ferroviarias usando los métodos de los END. Se inicia explicando cómo y que se la rueda ferroviaria, sus distintas partes, los tipos de ruedas, parámetros y como se fabrican estas ruedas ferroviarias. Las ruedas pasan por procesos como el forjado y laminado y tratamientos térmicos que mejoran la calidad de la rueda y así soportar los esfuerzos que puedan dañar las ruedas. Los daños de la rueda pueden ser de diferentes tipos; de desgaste, fatiga, deformación, térmico, infraestructura…. Pueden ser o claros a simple vista o que solo con una inspección exhaustiva se podrían localizar, aquí entran los ensayos no destructivos. Tanto como en el mantenimiento correctivo, predictivo y preventivo se usan estos ensayos para verificar el correcto estado de las ruedas, el más usado en este sector tanto económicamente y su precisión es el ensayo por ultrasonidos. Los ensayos no destructivos ultrasonido se utilizan para identificar discontinuidades en una pieza, se basan en el estudio de la reflexión de las ondas acústicas. Se envían unas ondas acústicas y se observa cómo es su comportamiento y su reflexión. Gracias a esta reflexión se puede identificar si existen o no discontinuidades e identificar el punto exacto dónde se encuentran.
ABSTRACT: The present project, `` non-destructive tests in the railway sector '', has as its main objective the maintenance of railway wheels using NDT methods. It begins by explaining how and what is the railway wheel, its different parts, the types of wheels, parameters and how these railway wheels are manufactured. The wheels go through processes such as forging and rolling and heat treatments that improve the quality of the wheel and thus withstand the efforts that can damage the wheels. Wheel damage can be of different types; wear, fatigue, deformation, thermal, infrastructure…. They can be either clear to the naked eye or that only with a thorough inspection could they be located, this is where non-destructive testing comes in. As well as in corrective, predictive and preventive maintenance, these tests are used to verify the correct condition of the wheels, the most used in this sector both economically and for its precision is the ultrasound test. Non-destructive ultrasound tests are used to identify discontinuities in a part, based on the study of the reflection of acoustic waves. Acoustic waves are sent and its behavior and reflection are observed. Thanks to this reflection it is possible to identify whether or not there are discontinuities and to identify the exact point where they are.
Grado en Ingeniería Marítima
ferroviario, pestaña, ensayo, ultrasound, grietas, tread, ultrasonidos, probe, railway, palpador, test, sensor, fissure, cracks, Wheel, rail, rueda, banda de rodadura, fisura, flange
ferroviario, pestaña, ensayo, ultrasound, grietas, tread, ultrasonidos, probe, railway, palpador, test, sensor, fissure, cracks, Wheel, rail, rueda, banda de rodadura, fisura, flange
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