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Alto riesgo obstétrico: el embarazo gemelar y sus complicaciones

Authors: Urda Moral, Lydia;

Alto riesgo obstétrico: el embarazo gemelar y sus complicaciones

Abstract

RESUMEN: La gestación única es el tipo de embarazo más frecuente en la sociedad. No obstante, los datos muestran un incremento en la incidencia de los embarazos gemelares a causa de dos factores determinantes: el aumento de la edad materna en la concepción de su primer hijo y en la utilización de las Técnicas de Reproducción Asistida. Las gestaciones gemelares presentan una serie de singularidades específicas que conllevan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones, dependiendo de la corionicidad y la amnionicidad diagnosticada. Análogamente, con el objetivo de lograr un embarazo, parto y postparto exitoso, se requiere un seguimiento prenatal adecuado junto a cuidados e intervenciones específicas y, para ello, la atención de enfermería (enfermeros/as y enfermera especialista Obstétrica-Ginecológica) constituye una pieza clave en el desarrollo de éste. Se afirma que, las gestaciones gemelares son consideradas de alto riesgo obstétrico debido a las complicaciones asociadas, siendo la gestación gemelar monocorial, monoamniótica la que mayor riesgo presenta. Por ello, se evidencia la necesidad de un diagnóstico precoz para obtener unas menores tasas de mortalidad maternas y fetales, siendo imprescindible el seguimiento, por parte de los profesionales, de la gestante y su familia en todo el proceso asistencial, intentando obtener un experiencia positiva, segura y tranquila.

ABSTRACT: Single gestation is the most common type of pregnancy in society. However, there are evidence that prove the raise of twin pregnancies because of two determinant factors: the increase of the maternal age on the first child conception and the use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques. Twin gestations report some specific singularities that carry a higher risk of developing complications, depending on the chorionicity and the diagnosed amnionicity. At the same time, with the main aim to achieve a successful pregnancy, delivery and postpartum, it is required an appropriate prenatal tracing along with specific cares and interventions. To get this, nursing cares (nurses and nurse specialist Obstetric-Gynecological) are the key on this development. It is confirmed that twin gestations are considered of high obstretic risk because of the related complications, being the monocorial monoamniotic twin gestation the one with higher risks. This is why it is evidenced the necessity of an early diagnosis to reduce maternal and fetal mortality rates and it is essential for the pregnant and her family to be monitored by professionals trying to get a positive, calm and secure experience.

Grado en Enfermería

Keywords

Feto, Complications, Fetus, Embarazo gemelar, Twin pregnancy, Nursing care, Complicaciones, Atención de enfermería

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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