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handle: 10902/16646
La amiloidosis cardiaca es una enfermedad infiltrativa causada por el depósito extracelular de proteínas insolubles. Dentro de las proteínas amiloidogénicas a nivel cardiaco, la transtiretina es responsable de una de las amiloidosis cardiacas más frecuentes en nuestro medio. Se produce como consecuencia de un incorrecto plegamiento proteico, asociado bien a mutaciones (forma hereditaria) o bien a la edad avanzada (forma natural o wild type), previamente conocida como amiloidosis senil. Hasta hace unos años, la amiloidosis por transtiretina era considerada una entidad rara e intratable. Su diagnóstico era infrecuente y requería de una biopsia endomiocárdica para su confirmación histológica. Sin embargo, las recientes mejoras en las técnicas de imagen cardiaca y en el abordaje diagnóstico permiten un mayor reconocimiento de la enfermedad. Además, en los últimos años se han desarrollado múltiples fármacos capaces de modificar el curso de la enfermedad, lo que abre un mundo de posibilidades terapéuticas en estos pacientes. Por todo ello, consideramos necesario revisar los aspectos clínicos, el planteamiento diagnóstico y el abordaje terapéutico de una entidad cada vez más prevalente en nuestra población.
Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disorder caused by extracellular deposition of insoluble proteins. Transthyretin is an amyloidogenic protein which deposits in the myocardium and it is responsible for one of the most frequent forms of cardiac amyloidosis. It is produced by an abnormal protein folding associated either with gene mutations (hereditary amyloidosis) or advanced age (wild type, previously known us senile amyloidosis). Until a few years ago, transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis was thought to be rare and untreatable. In many cases, it was mandatory to perform an endomyocardial biopsy to confirm the disorder. Therefore, its diagnosis was infrequent and used to be delayed. However, new advances in cardiac imaging techniques and diagnostic management allow better recognition of the disease. In addition, multiple modifying course disease drugs have been developed in the last years what opens a door in therapeutic management. For all these reasons, we consider necessary to review all the clinical spectrum, the diagnostic approach and the therapeutic management of an entity that is increasingly prevalent in our population.
Grado en Medicina
Hereditaria, Amiloidosis cardiaca, Hereditary and Senile, Senil, Cardiac amyloidosis, Transthyretin, Transtiretina
Hereditaria, Amiloidosis cardiaca, Hereditary and Senile, Senil, Cardiac amyloidosis, Transthyretin, Transtiretina
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