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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC ND
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
UCrea
Bachelor thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UCrea
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Estadística de eventos extremos en sistemas complejos

Statistics of extreme events in complex systems
Authors: Crespo Vega, Cecilia;

Estadística de eventos extremos en sistemas complejos

Abstract

RESUMEN: En una serie temporal, generada a partir de un sistema natural, económico o social, donde los valores oscilan entorno un valor medio, se observan ciertos valores que exceden significativamente este nivel típico que caracteriza a la serie. Estas excedencias se conocen como eventos extremos y están relacionados con sucesos raros, es decir, sucesos cuya probabilidad de ocurrencia es muy pequeña pero sin embargo causan un gran impacto, como es el caso de terremotos, inundaciones ó crisis financieras. Consecuentemente, la necesidad de predecir este tipo de sucesos es de vital importancia en áreas como la meteorología, de cara a minimizar los daños que inevitablemente se pueden llegar a producir o la evaluación de riesgos por parte de las compañías aseguradoras. Con esta motivación, se ha llegado a desarrollar toda una teoría matemática destinada al estudio exclusivo de tales eventos, la cual exige separar los eventos típicos, de los verdaderos extremos dentro de una misma serie temporal. De esta manera, se podrá aplicar un modelo estadístico, conocido como la distribución de valores extremos generalizada, que agrupa a tres tipos de distribuciones: Gumbel, Weibull y Fréchet, y que ofrecerá una descripción universal de cómo se distribuyen los máximos en función de un parámetro de forma relacionado con las colas de las distribuciones de probabilidad. El hecho de que los extremos posean propiedades universales potencia notablemente su predictibilidad, ya que da la posibilidad de adaptar un mismo modelo teórico a múltiples aplicaciones, para facilitar la inferencia estadística de las observaciones y así, la interpretación de los resultados. Por tanto, independientemente de que tipo de distribución sigan las series que tengamos inicialmente, podremos hacer una estimación de la magnitud de un evento extremo determinado o lo que es lo mismo, asignar una probabilidad de ocurrencia a dicho evento.

ABSTRACT: In a time series, generated from a natural, economic or social system, where the values oscillate around an average value, certain values are observed that significantly exceed this typical level that characterizes the series. These ex- ceedances are known as extreme events and are related to rare events, that is, events whose probability of occurrence is very small but nevertheless cause a great impact, as is the case of earthquakes, floods or financial crushes. Conse- quently, the need to predict this type of event is of vital importance in areas such as meteorology, in order to minimize the damage that can inevitably occur or risk assessment by insurance companies. With this motivation, a whole mathematical theory has been developed for the exclusive study of such events, which requires separating the typical events and the true extremes within the same time series. In this way, a statistical model, known as the generalized distribution of extreme values, grouped into three types of distributions: Gumbel, Weibull and Fréchet, can be applied, and it will offer a universal description of how the maximums are distributed according to a shape parameter related to the tails of the probability distributions. The fact that the extremes possess universal properties greatly enhances their predictability, since it gives the possibility of adapting a single theoretical model to multiple applications, to facilitate the statistical inference of the ob- servations and thus, the interpretation of the results. Therefore, independently what type of distribution follow the series that we have initially, we can esti- mate the magnitude of a certain extreme event or what is the same, assign a probability of occurrence of that event.

Grado en Física

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Series temporales, Sistema dinámico, Block Maxima Approach, Time series, Logistic map, Extreme value theory, Correlación, Dynamical system, Extreme events, Método de bloques, Mapa logístico, Correlation, Gumbel, Proceso Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, Fréchet, Weibull, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, Teoría de valores extremos, Eventos extremos, Lyapunov exponent

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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