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Diferencias salariales en el mercado de empleo español

Authors: Gómez Ruiz, Cristina;

Diferencias salariales en el mercado de empleo español

Abstract

RESUMEN: El problema de la desigualdad de género es una cuestión fundamental presente cada vez más a menudo en nuestra sociedad. Desde una perspectiva económica, y centrando la atención principalmente en el mercado de empleo español, en este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de los datos, que permite entender la realidad y el cambio del papel de la mujer en el mercado de empleo. Por otro lado, se efectúa un análisis empírico a partir de la encuesta de estructura salarial del INE, donde se estudian las brechas salariales bajo diferentes circunstancias, procurando cubrir todas las alternativas posibles y obtener, así, resultados robustos. El análisis ha sido realizado a partir del programa RStudio para el cálculo de brechas salariales, apoyando la significatividad estadística de las mismas en intervalos de confianza y contrastes de hipótesis. No cabe duda de que las diferencias en el mercado laboral, tanto de inserción, como en términos de desempleo y actividad entre hombres y mujeres, se han venido sucediendo a lo largo de los años. Sin embargo, la tendencia general de las últimas décadas es hacia la igualdad en estos aspectos. La pregunta clave de este estudio es: ¿Sucede lo mismo en lo que respecta a la brecha salarial? Conviene destacar, al respecto, que al analizar las diferencias salariales se encuentran desigualdades de género, principalmente en el análisis absoluto de los datos. En este proyecto, no obstante, se ha realizado una desagregación de los individuos en términos de jornada laboral y estudios, que demuestra que si se analiza un individuo lo más homogéneo posible, es decir, el salario por hora trabajada para un individuo con la misma formación, la brecha salarial, aunque continua existiendo, no resulta tan abultada. La última parte del trabajo, aborda las posibles causas de la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres. Señalamos, en este sentido, el doble papel que juegan las políticas de conciliación y el concepto “work-life balance”. Este tipo de políticas, por un lado, contribuyen a fomentar la inserción de la mujer en el mercado de empleo; pero por otro lado incrementan la brecha, proponiendo soluciones como la reducción de jornada. De acuerdo con esto, se ha decidido extrapolar los conceptos de discriminación laboral directa e indirecta al término de brecha salarial.

ABSTRACT: It is known, that the gender inequality is a fundamental issue present more often in our society. From an economic perspective, and focusing mainly in the Spanish labour market, in this project it is done a descriptive analysis of data, which allow to understand the reality and the changes of the role of the women in the labour market. On the other hand, an empirical analysis is made for the calculation of wage gap, under different conditions. The study is based on the INE salary structure survey and help to obtain strong conclusions. This analysis have been done using the software RStudio, supporting the statistical significance in confident intervals and hypothesis contracts. There is no doubt, that have been happening important differences in the labour market in terms of insertion , unemployment and activity rates. However, in the last years there is a tendency towards equality. The key question in this project is: Is the same thing happening, in regard to the wage gap? It should be noticed, that in the analysis in absolute terms, there are significant wage differences. Nevertheless, in this project it is done a disaggregation of the individuals in terms of working hours and level of studies, which shows that if we examine an individual the more homogeneous as possible, namely salary per hour worked and for a person with the same skill, the pay gap, although is continue existing, is not so big. The last part of the project is about the possible causes of wage gap. Point out, the role played by conciliation policies and work-life balance concept. On one part, contribute to promote the insertion of the women in the labour market, but also, the solutions proposed, as the reduction of working hours, are sometimes key factors in increase the gap. According to this, it has been decided, to extrapolate the concepts of direct and indirect labour discrimination to the pay gap.

Grado en Economía

Keywords

Discriminación laboral, Work-life balance, Working hours, Jornada laboral, Study levels, Labour discrimination, Pay gap, Brecha salarial, Niveles de estudio, Políticas de conciliación

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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