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Albinismo :tipos, etiología, nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas

Authors: Lorenzo Martín, María del Carmen;

Albinismo :tipos, etiología, nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas

Abstract

Por el término albinismo nos referimos a un conjunto de condiciones congénitas que afectan a los humanos y que se caracterizan por la ausencia o disminución de pigmento (melanina) en la piel, los ojos o el pelo. Hay varios tipos de albinismo con diferentes características clínicas en función del gen que resulte mutado. La única característica que engloba a todos los tipos de albinismo es, precisamente, la falta o reducción de pigmento en distintas partes del cuerpo, ya que la variabilidad de la sintomatología es infinita. En los últimos años se han ido conociendo nuevos genes asociados al albinismo que han revelado tres nuevas formas de albinismo oculocutáneo. Además, se han descrito tres síndromes de afectación multisistémica que llevan entre sus manifestaciones algún tipo de albinismo. En la orientación terapéutica del albinismo se está produciendo una auténtica revolución con la aparición de los sistemas de edición genética, como el CRISPR-Cas9, gracias a los que, en un futuro no muy lejano, se podrá eliminar el gen causante del albinismo en la descendencia de los individuos afectos.

By the term albinism we refer to a set of congenital conditions that affect humans and that are characterized by the absence or decrease of pigment (melanin) in the skin, eyes or hair. There are many types of albinism depending on the gene that is involved in its production. The only characteristic that includes all types of albinism is precisely the lack or reduction of pigment in different parts of the body, since the variability of the symptomatology is infinite. In recent years new genes associated with albinism have been discovered that have revealed three new forms of oculocutaneous albinism. In addition, three syndromes of multisystemic affectation have been described that carry among their manifestations some type of albinism. In the therapeutic orientation of albinism, an authentic revolution is taking place with the appearance of genetic editing systems, such as CRISPR-Cas9, thanks to which, in the near future, the gene that causes albinism can be eliminated in the offspring of the affected individuals.

Grado en Medicina

Keywords

Edición genética, Melanina, Albinismo oculocutáneo, Ocular albinism, Melanin, Oculocutaneous albinism, Albinismo ocular, CRISPR-Cas9, Genetic edition

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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