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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC ND
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UCrea
Bachelor thesis . 2018
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UCrea
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Acciones neuroprotectoras de la melatonina

Neuroprotective actions of melatonin
Authors: González Feito, Patricia;

Acciones neuroprotectoras de la melatonina

Abstract

La melatonina posee diversas acciones antioxidantes, ya que actúa eliminando radicales libres, regula la expresión y actividad de enzimas antioxidantes y pro-oxidantes, favorece la cadena de transporte de electrones en las mitocondrias, aumenta la producción del tripéptido glutatión y disminuye el daño oxidativo, reduciendo las proteínas carboniladas y evitando la peroxidación de los lípidos de membrana. También tiene acciones anti-apoptóticas, ya que inhibe la vía intrínseca de la apoptosis, promoviendo la expresión de proteínas anti-apoptóticas y disminuyendo aquellas pro-apoptóticas, y activa señales de supervivencia celular. Además, tiene acciones antiinflamatorias disminuyendo la activación de las células microglía, aumentando las citoquinas anti-inflamatorias y reduciendo las pro-inflamatorias. Por último, la melatonina tiene también otras acciones neuroprotectoras: promueve la neurogénesis, aumentando la proliferación, diferenciación y supervivencia neuronal; y reduce la neuropatología amiloide, disminuyendo la formación de placas seniles y ovillos neurofibrilares. Esta revisión recoge el conocimiento actual a cerca de las acciones neuroprotectoras de la melatonina en enfermedades neurodegenerativas tales como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la enfermedad de Parkinson, la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica y la enfermedad de Huntington. Diversos estudios indican que la melatonina podría tener cierto valor terapéutico en el tratamiento de las mismas.

Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding the antioxidant action, it eliminates free radicals and regulates the expression and activity of antioxidant and pro-oxidants enzymes, favors the chain of electron transport in mitochondria, increases the production of the tripeptide glutathione, and also decreases the oxidative damage reducing the protein and lipid damage. Melatonin also has anti-apoptotic properties because it inhibits the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, promoting anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins, and activates cell survival signals. Furthermore, it has anti-inflammatory actions by decreasing the activation of microglia cells, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, it also has other neuroprotective actions: promotes hipocampal neurogenesis, increasing proliferation, differentiation and neuronal survival; and reduces the amyloid neuropathology, decreasing the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This review includes the actual knowledge about the neuroprotective actions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.Several studies indicate that melatonin may have some therapeutic value in the treatment of these diseases.

Grado en Medicina

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Spain
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Keywords

Neuroprotección, Neurodegenerative diseases, Estrés oxidativo, Apoptosis, Enfermedades neurodegenerativas, Neuroprotection, Neuroinflamación, Melatonina, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative stress, Melatonin

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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