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Análisis y normativa del impuesto sobre el patrimonio

Authors: Sarabia Fernández, Sheila Carmen;

Análisis y normativa del impuesto sobre el patrimonio

Abstract

RESUMEN: En 1977 se introduce en España con carácter extraordinario el Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio, sin embargo se ha mantenido vigente la mayor parte del tiempo a lo largo de los años y ha sido objeto de debate. En un principio, este tributo no tenía objetivos recaudatorios de modo que se estableció un mínimo exento relativamente elevado, únicamente tenía un carácter censal y de control complementario al Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas para evitar las posibles ocultaciones de renta. Posteriormente, en 1997 el impuesto se descentralizo cediendo la capacidad normativa a las comunidades autónomas lo que provocó grandes diferencias entre ellas. Algunas han modificado el mínimo exento y los tipos de gravamen, han establecido reducciones y bonificaciones que alcanzan el 100% de la cuota íntegra equivalente a su supresión. Su capacidad recaudatoria es bastante limitada en comparación con otros impuestos directos. Muchos economistas y políticos abogan por su abolición argumentando que determinadas rentas sufren una doble imposición y, además, desincentiva el ahorro y la inversión. Por otro lado, están los que abogan por el mantenimiento del impuesto, pero con ciertas reformas como pueden ser el establecimiento de un mínimo exento bastante elevado y tipos impositivos que incrementen la progresividad, similares en todas las comunidades. Cabe destacar que España es de los pocos países del mundo donde aún existe este tipo de impuesto ya que está en proceso de extinción. Su carga impositiva es de las más elevadas, sin embargo, es el país de la OCDE donde menos se recauda. Actualmente, las medidas fiscales y administrativas de este tributo se regulan por la Ley 19/1991.

ABSTRACT: In 1977 the Tax on the Patrimony that taxes the patrimony of the physical persons is introduced in Spain with extraordinary character. Nevertheless, it has remained in force over the years and this has been the subject of debate. At first, this tax had no collection objectives so that a relatively high exempt minimum was established, it only had a census character and of complementary control to the Income Tax of the Physical Persons to avoid the possible concealment of income. Subsequently, in 1997 the tax was decentralized by transferring the regulatory capacity to the autonomous communities, which caused great differences between them. Some communities have modified the exempt minimum and the tax rates, have established reductions and bonuses that reach 100% of the total fee equivalent to their removal. Its collection capacity is quite limited compared to other direct taxes. Many economists and politicians advocate its abolition arguing that certain incomes suffer double taxation and, furthermore, discourage savings and investment. On the other hand, there are those who advocate maintaining the tax, but with certain reforms such as the establishment of a fairly high minimum exemption and tax rates that increase progressivity, similar in all communities. This type of tax is in the process of extinction, so Spain is one of the few countries in the world where it still exists. Its tax burden is one of the highest, however, it is the OECD country where it is least collected. Nowadays, the fiscal and administrative measures of this tax are regulated by Law 19/1991.

Grado en Economía

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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