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UCrea
Master thesis . 2017
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Modelos de demanda de viajes de la Red Ferroviaria de Interés General de Estado

Authors: Alegría Fernández, Álvaro;

Modelos de demanda de viajes de la Red Ferroviaria de Interés General de Estado

Abstract

RESUMEN: En los últimos años, la creciente demanda del transporte de viajeros en ferrocarril ha supuesto una revolución en la infraestructura de nuestro país. El control sobre los factores que afectan a la generación de viajes en ferrocarril es un aspecto clave a la hora de realizar políticas y planes de desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo es la obtención de un modelo matemático que nos permita estimar el número de viajes de larga distancia en ferrocarril generados en cada estación a partir de una serie de variables de carácter socioeconómico. Para ello, se han tanteado diversos modelos de regresión, comprobando la significancia de cada una de las variables que los componen hasta llegar a una solución válida para cada año que abarca el estudio (2004-2014). El modelo del que se ha obtenido un mejor resultado incluye como variables independientes la existencia o no de servicios de AVE (variable dummy), la tasa de paro y el Producto Interior Bruto. También se ha hecho un modelo con un análisis de tendencia y considerando correlación temporal de los residuos, resultando más confiable al considerar toda la serie temporal y la existencia de autocorrelación temporal en los residuos. Como conclusión fundamental, tras la estimación del número de viajes con el modelo obtenido, se puede afirmar que existe una fuerte relación entre las variables que componen el modelo (AVE, tasa de paro y PIB) y la generación de viajes en las estaciones. De forma global, el modelo se ajusta bastante bien a la realidad. Sin embargo, es preciso hacer algunas correcciones en algunas estaciones locales, sobre todo, donde el tráfico de viajeros es menor. La influencia de la disponibilidad o no de servicios AVE queda patente, confirmando las sospechas iniciales. Hasta el momento, el número de viajeros en avión (modo de viaje competitivo con el de ferrocarril de larga distancia) no es una variable significativa que debiera introducirse en el modelo.

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the growing demand for rail passenger transport has meant a revolution in our country's infrastructure. Control over the factors that affect the demand of rail trips is a key aspect when implementing policies and development plans. The objective of this project is to obtain a mathematical model that allows us to estimate the number of long distance rail trips generated in each station based on a series of socioeconomic variables. To do so, several regression models have been tested, verifying the significance of each of the variables that compose them until reaching a valid solution for each year covered by the study (2004-2014). The model from which a better result has been obtained includes as independent variables the existence or not of AVE (dummy variable) services, the unemployment rate and the Gross Domestic Product. A model with a trend analysis and considering temporal correlation of the errors has also been made, being more reliable when considering the entire time series and the existence of temporal autocorrelation of the errors. As a fundamental conclusion, after estimating the number of trips obtained with the model, it can be affirmed that there is a strong relationship between the variables that compose the model (AVE, unemployment rate and GDP) and the generation of trips in the stations. Overall, the model fits quite well with reality. However, some corrections must be made at some local stations, especially where passenger traffic is lower. The influence of the availability or not of AVE services is evident, confirming the initial suspicions. So far, the number of travelers by plane (competitive travel mode with longdistance rail) is not a significant variable that should be introduced into the model.

Máster en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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