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handle: 10902/1237
RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo el análisis cinético de la separación de compuestos organoclorados volátiles: cloroformo, diclorometano y tricloroetileno de sus disoluciones acuosas mediante pervaporación, utilizando membranas comerciales cuyo componente activo es caucho de silicona. Inicialmente se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la pervaporación de disoluciones acuosas de cloroformo. Se han utilizado dos sistemas con configuración geométrica de la membrana diferente: i) Membrana plana dispuesta en una celda con flujo radial. Se observó una gran influencia del caudal de alimentación en el flujo de cloroformo, correlacionando dicha influencia mediante una expresión con grupos adimensionales. ii) Configuración tubular, utilizando fibras huecas. Se propuso un modelo matemático considerando la presencia de perfiles radiales de velocidad y concentración a lo largo de las fibras y determinando la difusividad de cloroformo en disoluciones acuosas como parámetro característico del sistema. Finalmente se derivo un modelo genérico para el transporte de materia en pervaporación de mezclas multicomponentes. Su aplicación a la separación de mezclas diluidas de VOCs permite la estimación de los parámetros que caracterizan el transporte de materia y la discriminación de las resistencias al flujo en función de las variables operativas.
ABSTRACT: This work has as main objective the kinetic analysis of the separation of volatile organochlorine compounds: chloroform, dichloromethane and trichloroethylene from aqueous solutions of by pervaporation using commercial membranes made of silicone rubber. Initially a comprehensive study of the pervaporation of aqueous solutions of chloroform has been done. Two systems have been used with the membrane geometry different: i) A flat membrane cell with outward radial flow between two plates. The liquid phase mass transfer coefficients were correlated with the operating variables flow rate and temperature using dimensionless groups. ii) Pervaporation in hollow fiber devices. A systematic methodology has been applied to the analysis of the mass transfer rate of the separation process. A mathematical model resulting from the solution of the continuity equation of the feed phase flowing in laminar regime through the hollow fiber module has been proposed. Finally, a generic model is derived for studying the mass-transfer kinetics of the pervaporation of multicomponent mixtures. Applying it to the pervaporation of dilute mixtures of VOCs permits the estimation of the representative mass-transfer parameters and discrimination of the relative importance of the mass-transport resistances to the pervaporation flux as a function of operation variables.
Membranes, Pervaporación, Concentration-polarization, Volatile organochlorinated compounds, Fibras huecas, Transporte de materia, Compuestos organoclorados volátiles, Polarización de la concentración, Coeficiente de difusión, Membranas, Pervaporation, Hollow fibers, Mass transfer, Diffusion coefficient
Membranes, Pervaporación, Concentration-polarization, Volatile organochlorinated compounds, Fibras huecas, Transporte de materia, Compuestos organoclorados volátiles, Polarización de la concentración, Coeficiente de difusión, Membranas, Pervaporation, Hollow fibers, Mass transfer, Diffusion coefficient
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