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handle: 10902/11660
El descubrimiento de la penicilina en 1928 marcó el inicio de una nueva era en la historia de la medicina, y el posterior desarrollo de las diferentes familias de antibióticos cambió por completo la relación del hombre con las enfermedades infecciosas, hasta el punto de encontrarse por primera vez en condiciones de combatir cualquier infección. Sin embargo, la expansión de los antibióticos se acompañó de la aparición de las primeras cepas bacterianas resistentes. Con los años de exposición a una fuerte presión selectiva, los microorganismos han desarrollado una enorme variedad mecanismos para evitar la acción de los antibióticos. En la actualidad disponemos de pocos compuestos eficaces contra algunos patógenos importantes, de manera que la resistencia a los antimicrobianos se ha convertido en una grave amenaza para la salud pública a nivel global. La rápida adquisición de estos mecanismos de resistencia por parte de los microorganismos se produce por mutaciones genéticas y, fundamentalmente, por la transmisión de material genético entre bacterias mediante mecanismos de transferencia genética horizontal, a través de plásmidos y otros elementos genéticos móviles.
The discovery of penicillin in 1928 marked the beginning of a new era in the history of medicine, and the subsequent development of the different families of antibiotics completely changed the relationship between man and infectious diseases to the extent of making treatable almost any infection. However, the spread of antibiotics was accompanied by the emergence of the first resistant bacterial strains. After such a long period of exposure to this immense selective antibiotic barrage, microorganisms have developed a huge variety of mechanisms to avoid the action of antibiotics, and nowadays there are few compounds that are highly effective, so that antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat to public health globally. The fast acquisition of these mechanisms of resistance by microorganisms is produced by genetic mutations and mostly, by the transmission of genetic material between bacteria through horizontal genetic transfer mechanisms, through plasmids and other mobile genetic elements.
Grado en Medicina
Resistencia a antibióticos, Antibiotic resistance
Resistencia a antibióticos, Antibiotic resistance
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