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Política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo y la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos

Authors: Fernández Ortiz, Ricardo;

Política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo y la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos

Abstract

RESUMEN: En este trabajo de fin de grado se va a llevar a cabo un análisis comparativo sobre el funcionamiento del Banco Central Europeo (BCE) y la Reserva Federal (Fed). El estudio de estas instituciones es sumamente relevante, ya que sus actuaciones condicionan la situación económica y financiera de la Zona Euro y de Estados Unidos respectivamente. Ambas instituciones son las responsables de la política monetaria y la supervisión bancaria, por lo que presentan importantes similitudes. Sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a su estructura, objetivos, procedimientos y actuaciones. Las Fed cuanta con un dilatado bagaje, mientras que el BCE lleva operando poco más de 15 años. Los orígenes de ambas instituciones fueron muy distintos, lo que puede haber condicionado la fijación de sus objetivos y estrategias. La política monetaria del BCE se centra principalmente en la estabilidad de precios, mientras que la Fed además de la estabilidad precios también persigue el pleno empleo. La instrumentación de la política monetaria de ambas instituciones es también diferente. Si bien ambas realizan operaciones de mercado abierto, tienen coeficientes de caja y proporcionan financiación a muy corto plazo a las entidades de crédito, la implementación de sus decisiones se realiza a través de procedimientos distintos. El Banco Central Europeo conduce su política monetaria principalmente a través de la concesión de financiación a las entidades de crédito, para lo que fija unos tipos de interés de referencia. Por su parte, la Reserva Federal, fija un objetivo para el tipo de interés al cual las entidades de crédito se prestan fondos (tasa de fondos federales) y trata de alcanzar dicho objetivo a través de la compra venta de activos financieros.

ABSTRACT: In this Final Degree Project, we are going to do a study and a contrast between the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System of United States. The main objetive of this Project is show to the people how is the mechanisms and how these two institutions, which has today, because of the global economic situation, have much prominence to the development. To do this, we will explain the different points. To begin the study and comparison approach the public in the first point, they are and have emerged as the two financial institutions. Second point, we will present as are formed the same, as they are going and who have to take decisions. On the other hand, we show the different objectives and duties that they have, and how they influence both markets and in society today, with a focus on the crisis suffered in the early twentieth century. We will refer to the different indicators used to make financial forecasts and to act. Then, one of the most important points are the monetary policy instruments that address these institutions to cope with shocks and stimulate markets. We indicate the different movements made to inject liquidity into the system and how to absorb. In conclusion, we will analyze the two institutions and to make a comparison between them.

Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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