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Regulación legal del cannabis en Uruguay: desafíos y escenarios de cambio a 10 años de su aprobación

Authors: Olivera Couto, Diego Martín;

Regulación legal del cannabis en Uruguay: desafíos y escenarios de cambio a 10 años de su aprobación

Abstract

En 2013 Uruguay se convirtió en el primer país del mundo en legalizar el mercado de cannabis psicoactivo. Este cambio mayor en la política de drogas buscó mejorar sus impactos en términos de seguridad, salud pública y derechos humanos. Para ello, se fijó el objetivo de sustituir el mercado ilegal estableciendo tres formas de acceso legal. A 10 años de su aprobación, el mercado legal muestra una situación de estancamiento, lo cual se explica por diversas barreras de acceso que dejan por fuera a cerca de la mitad de los usuarios adultos. Concurrentemente, las cantidades de cannabis legal ofertadas son notoriamente insuficientes para permitir la sustitución buscada. Se identifica una tensión entre las regulaciones propias del modelo con un fuerte componente de control estatal y el objetivo de expandir el mercado legal. La acción de algunas de las medidas vigentes, diseñadas con el objetivo de proteger la salud pública, pueden explicar el retraso en el proceso de sustitución de mercados. Ante ello, se proponen tres posibles escenarios de reforma, evitando plantear ajustes puntuales sino una lógica de rediseño integral, identificando un modelo de control aliviado, un modelo híbrido y uno comercial. Se evalúan los posibles impactos de estas alternativas y se sugiere que el modelo híbrido sería el más adecuado para la etapa de desarrollo actual.

Keywords

Salud pública, Legalización, Políticas públicas, Uruguay, Drogas, Mercado, Cannabis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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