ABSTRACT GDM is one of the most controversial issues in fetal maternal medicine. The incidence and prevalence is increasing worldwide. Because of changing and sometimes conflicting recommendations regarding screening, disagreement also persists about the appropriate diagnostic criteria for the glucose tolerance test by which the diagnosis is made. Gestational diabetes mellitus causes complications for both the mother and the fetus/child. Despite extensive research, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the effect of treatment on perinatal outcome and improved health status for the mother. Until large perspective randomized control trials show a clear clinical benefit for screening and subsequently treating GDM, recommendations will necessarily be based on consensus or expert opinion. Traditional and current management for women with GDM continues to be dietary restriction, exercise and if necessary, insulin.