Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Norwegian Open Resea...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
versions View all 1 versions
addClaim

Stick-Slip Friction

Authors: Nordhagen, Håkon;

Stick-Slip Friction

Abstract

The primary goal of the work in this thesis was to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic nature of dry contact friction at very low velocities. Experiments were carried out using a sandpaper and carpet as contacting surfaces. The force required to pull the sandpaper across the carpet was recorded and analyzed on a computer. The very low speed at which the sandpaper was pulled (10-100 microns per second) gave rise to a so called stick-slip motion. That is, the motion of the sandpaper consists of varying distance and time. The distributions of both jumps and duration times were found to follow power-laws spanning up to 3 orders of magnitude. A scaling relation between event duration time and event magnitude has also been found. An analytic relation between the scaling exponents is found, and the experiments are found to follow this relation. The statistical independence of the events is supported by the agreement between theory and the experiment for the time between events of a given magnitude. These properties of the system are often taken as signs of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC), which is a category of non-equilibrium dynamical systems where the complex behavior, both in space and time, can be described statistically with power laws with non trivial exponents. By varying parameters such as the normal force, sandpaper coarseness andthe elasticity of the system we have investigated how the statistics of the events are affected. However, no (clear) additional scaling laws, such a finite-size scaling, have been observed in the experiments. This raises questions about criticality of the system. The force released when a single carpet fiber snaps is often too small for the resolution in the force measurements, but the sound is easily heard. Using a microphone and a sound card we are able to resolve these very fine details of the friction process. We have also found a way of imaging the real contact area between the surfaces: by using an infrared camera and a transparent grid as a surface, we are able to see where the contact occurred because of the heat generated when there is a slip. We have not directly used the information collected using these two methods, but rather showed their potential if they are further developed. Simulations were carried out to test whether our theories about the microscopic processes could lead to the macroscopic behavior observed in the experiments. We have come up with a stochastic model where each contact point between the surfaces are connected with springs of individual strength thresholds. The crucial ingredient in our model compared to other models is that whenever a spring is stretched longer than its threshold allows, the force, or the elastic energy, is spread globally to all other contact points. This can lead to avalanches of breaking springs if sufficiently many springs are close enough to their threshold. We believe this kind of avalanche is what happens during a slip. Results from the simulations show distributions of avalanche size following a power law with exponents close to what we get from experiments. A numerical model for halting events in stick-slip motion is also presented. This model describes the halting of events that are relatively short lasting, but where the motion of the slider during a slip is considerable.

Country
Norway
Related Organizations
Keywords

VDP::430, 500, 530

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green