The traditional use and poisonous properties of Aconitum species are mainly due to the presence of alkaloids, which have been extensively studied. However, limited attention has been paid to their low-toxic natural products. In this thesis, diverse bioactive non-starch polysaccharides, including mannans, pectin, and/or xyloglucans, were shown to be distributed in different plant parts of A. carmichaelii, as well as in the roots of A. septentrionale. In addition, 15 phenolic compounds were isolated from A. septentrionale, and some of them showed moderate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. A. carmichaelii, is industrially cultivated in China. However, tons of its aerial parts are discarded after the collection of the roots for production of medicinal products, leading to a huge waste of this herbal resource. We found that the leaves of A. carmichaelii contain high amounts of pectic-type polysaccharides. An isolated pectin exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vitro, and showed robust protective effects against experimental colitis mice by restoring their gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile. These results broaden the possible applications of A. carmichaelii and A. septentrionale, as valuable sources of bioactive substances, and uncovered the potential of A. carmichaelii leaves in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.