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Alergenicidad en espacios verdes urbanos y atlas polínico: herramientas para el seguimiento de las polinosis en la provincia de Almería (España)

Authors: Guillén Sánchez, Claudia;

Alergenicidad en espacios verdes urbanos y atlas polínico: herramientas para el seguimiento de las polinosis en la provincia de Almería (España)

Abstract

Resumen: La presencia de partículas orgánicas aerovagantes en la atmósfera, particularmente polen y esporas, provoca un efecto negativo sobre los seres humanos: las polinosis (alergias a polen y esporas). Paralelamente, para que la población urbana esté más conectada con la naturaleza, se han creado espacios verdes urbanos, que generan muchos efectos positivos y algunos negativos (polinosis). Para solucionarlas, se han desarrollado índices relacionados con el polen. Por otra parte, los centros de colecciones vegetales se encargan de la conservación y difusión del conocimiento del mundo vegetal, incluyendo las palinotecas, que facilitan la identificación de pólenes y esporas atmosféricos, proporcionando información valiosa para los alergólogos. En la Universidad de Almería (UAL) existe un centro (CECOUAL) que reúne y difunde al público parte de las colecciones provinciales relacionadas con el patrimonio natural. En este contexto, los objetivos de este estudio han sido: estimar los índices de alergenicidad de los jardines de la UAL y del parque Huerta de Rosalía (Alhama de Almería), elaborar un atlas polínico de plantas ornamentales, y completar la palinoteca del CECOUAL. En relación a los dos últimos, se han utilizado dos técnicas para tratar el polen: acetólisis y preparación en fresco. Ambos espacios verdes han mostrado una alta calidad atmosférica, con los jardines de la UAL menos alergénicos (0,0816) que el parque Huerta de Rosalía (0,1533); en el atlas polínico se han incluido 13 especies arbóreas, y en la palinoteca 52 muestras permanentes y 55 temporales. La hipótesis planteada respecto a que las diferencias de alergenicidad de los parques estaría relacionada con diferencias climáticas, no se sostiene y, en este caso, la alergenicidad dependió de la biodiversidad y no del clima. Con un escenario de mayor intensidad del calentamiento global, si se adoptan las medidas adecuadas (aumento de biodiversidad y selección de especies poco alergógenas), se podría reducir la manifestación de alergias. Abstract: The presence of flying organic particles in the atmosphere, particularly pollen and spores, causes a negative effect on humans: the polinosis (pollen and spores allergies). In parallel, so the urban population be more connected with nature, urban green spaces are created, these generate lots of positive and some negative (pollinosis) effects. In order to solve them, indices related to pollen are developed. On the other side, plant collection centers manage, mainly, conservation and diffusion of the plant world knowledge, including the pollen libraries, which facilitate atmospheric pollen and spores identification, providing valuable information for the allergists. At the University of Almería (UAL), a center (CECOUAL) exists that reunites and spreads to people part of provincial collections related to the natural heritage. In this context, the aims of this study have been: to estimate the allergenicity index of the UAL gardens and Huerta de Rosalía park (Alhama de Almería), to elaborate a pollen atlas of ornamental trees, and to complete the CECOUAL’s pollen library. Regarding the last two aims, two methods to treat pollen are used: acetolysis and fresh preparation. Both spaces have high atmospheric quality, but the UAL gardens are less allergenic (0,0816) than Huerta de Rosalía park (0,1533); 13 tree species are included in the pollen atlas, and 52 permanent and 55 temporary samples are added in the pollen library. The stated hypothesis said that garden’s allergenicity differences would be related to climate differences, but results didn’t sustain it, and, in this case, the allergenicity depended on biodiversity, instead of climate. With a scenery of higher intensity of global warming, if right solutions were being assumed (increase of biodiversity and low allergenic species selection), the allergies manifestation could be reduced.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pollen library, Polen, Alergenicidad, Atlas Polínico, Espacios verdes urbanos, Índice de alergenicidad (IUGZA), Allergenicity, Allergenicity index (IUGZA), Palinoteca, Pollen, Pollen atlas, Urban green spaces, Trabajo Fin de Grado de la Universidad de Almería

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center