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Doctoral thesis . 2021
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Abordaje fisioterapeútico en mujeres con dispareunia: revisión bibliográfica

Authors: Ruiz Bujalance, Paula;

Abordaje fisioterapeútico en mujeres con dispareunia: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

RESUMEN Introducción: La dispareunia es una patología que provoca dolor o molestia permanente o intermitente durante el coito; por consiguiente, pertenece al grupo de las disfunciones sexuales femeninas. Se trata de una patología que presenta una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial y muy poco abordado a nivel médico y fisioterapéutico por la falta de declaración de la patología por parte de las mujeres que la padecen. Presenta un amplio abanico de etiologías dependiendo del tipo de dispareunia: superficial o profunda. El papel del fisioterapeuta dentro del tratamiento multidisciplinario favorece la resolución de la patología y mejora la calidad de vida de la paciente. Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar las diferentes técnicas fisioterapéuticas que se utilizan en la actualidad para la dispareunia. Material y método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica durante los meses de marzo y abril buscando en diferentes bases de datos y motores de búsqueda como PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, Scielo, Cochrane, Medline, Web of Science. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA para incluir las revisiones sistemáticas de mayor calidad, consiguiendo finalmente 6 revisiones que cumplían la mayoría de los criterios. Resultados: Tras la revisión de las 6 revisiones sistemáticas, se encontraron diferentes técnicas fisioterapéuticas que utilizaban los autores como el biofeedback combinado con ejercicios de suelo pélvico, la terapia manual, los dilatadores y los conos vaginales, la electroterapia (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), la termoterapia, los ejercicios de fortalecimiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico, entre otras. Se demostró una mejoría de la función sexual y de la calidad de vida de la paciente. Conclusión: Finalmente, se extrae de la literatura diferentes técnicas que ofrecen resultados satisfactorios en el tratamiento de la dispareunia. Se destaca la terapia manual y el biofeedback como técnicas con mejores resultados, además de la terapia combinada que consiguen una resolución total de la patología. Se necesita mayor investigación de esta patología para poder concretar protocolos y frecuencias de tratamiento. ABSTRACT Introduction: Dyspareunia is a pathology that causes permanent or intermittent pain or discomfort during intercourse; therefore, it belongs to the group of female sexual dysfunctions. It is a pathology with a high prevalence worldwide and very little addressed at a medical and physiotherapeutic level due to the lack of declaration of the pathology by the women who suffer from it. It presents a wide range of etiologies depending on the type of dyspareunia: superficial or deep. The role of the physiotherapist within the multidisciplinary treatment favours the resolution of the pathology and improves the quality of life of the patient. Objective: The purpose of this review was to analyze the different physiotherapy techniques currently used for dyspareunia. Methodology: A bibliographic review was performed during the months of March and April by searching different databases and search engines such as PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, Scielo, Cochrane, Medline, Web of Science. PRISMA methodology was used to include the highest quality systematic reviews, finally achieving 6 reviews that fulfilled most of the criteria. Results: After reviewing the 6 systematic reviews, different physiotherapy techniques were found to be used by the authors such as biofeedback combined with pelvic floor exercises, manual therapy, vaginal dilators and cones, electrotherapy (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), thermotherapy, pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises, among others. An improvement in the patient's sexual function and quality of life was demonstrated. Conclusion: Finally, different techniques that offer satisfactory results in the treatment of dyspareunia are extracted from the literature. Manual therapy and biofeedback are highlighted as the techniques with the best results, in addition to the combined therapy that achieves a total resolution of the pathology. More research is needed on this pathology in order to specify protocols and treatment frequencies.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

tratamiento fisioterapéutico, dispareunia, female sexual dysfunction, pelvic floor disorder, dyspareunia, disfunción sexual femenina, physical therapy, Trabajo Fin de Grado de la Universidad de Almería, disfunción del suelo pélvico

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green