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Doctoral thesis . 2025
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Control fisiológico y molecular de la partenocarpia en la familia Cucurbitaceae

Authors: Enrique Cruz, Yasmira;

Control fisiológico y molecular de la partenocarpia en la familia Cucurbitaceae

Abstract

El desarrollo del fruto en ausencia de polinización y fecundación es lo que se conoce con el nombre de partenocapia. Aunque lo más notable de estos frutos es la ausencia de semillas, el interés agronómico de los mismos está también ligado a las producciones fuera de temporada. De esta forma, el ser humano históricamente ha ido seleccionando frutos sin semillas hasta generar numerosas variedades que hoy día se encuentran en el mercado. Además, la partenocarpia proporciona una alternativa a la fructificación en ausencia polinización, algo beneficioso teniendo en cuenta el grave peligro al que se encuentra el empleo de polinizadores debido a la pérdida de hábitats y prácticas asociadas a la agricultura intensiva. Puesto que el cuajado y desarrollo del fruto sin semillas es un proceso condicionado por un estrecho control genético, hormonal y ambiental, tradicionalmente se ha optado por la inducción de partenocarpia mediante la aplicación exógena de fitohormonas como auxinas, giberelinas o citoquininas, las principales fitohormonas involucradas en el cuajado del fruto. No obstante, no es una solución a largo plazo y, a menudo, constituye una estrategia que supone un elevado coste y necesidad de recursos humanos para el agricultor. Es por ello que se está fomentado una estrategia más biotecnológica que consiste en generar variedades partenocárpicas per sé. Para ello se necesita un profundo conocimiento del control genético y molecular de este carácter, así como los principales genes involucrados. De esta forma, en esta revisión bibliográfica se han recogido las funciones de cada una de las hormonas involucradas en este proceso, así como los genes más destacados en cuatro especies cultivadas de cucurbitáceas: pepino, calabacín, melón y sandía, dada su importancia socioeconómica mundial y, concretamente, en el campo almeriense. The development of the fruit in the absence of pollination and fertilization is what is known as parthenocapy. Although the most visible aspect of these fruit is the absence of seeds, their agronomic interest is also linked to off-season production. In fact, parthenocarpy provides an attractive alternative for fruit set and fruit growth in the absence of pollination and fertilization, which is beneficial considering the serious danger to the use of pollinator insects due to habitat loss and practices associated with intensive agriculture. Since seedless fruit formation and fruit set is a process conditioned by a tight genetic, hormonal and environmental control, traditionally, the induction of parthenocarpy by exogenous application of phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins or cytokinins, the main ones involved in fruit set, has been chosen. However, this is not a long-term solution and is often a strategy that involves high costs and human resources for the farmer. This is why a more biotechnological strategy of generating parthenocarpic varieties per se is being promoted. This requires a deep knowledge of the molecular and genetic control of this trait, as well as the main genes involved. Thus, in this literature review we have collected the functions of each of the hormones involved in this process, as well as the most important genes in four species of cucurbits: cucumber, zucchini, melon and watermelon, given their socioeconomic importance worldwide and, specifically, in the Almeria field.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Partenocapia, Ausencia de fecundación, Ausencia de semillas, Fitohormonas, Ausencia de polinización

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green