
handle: 10835/19449
El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado es estudiar mediante técnicas avanzadas de caracterización de materiales la degradación que sufren los reflectores de instalaciones termosolares en entornos urbanos. Para ello se identifican las transformaciones morfológicas y químicas que se dan en las diversas partes de los reflectores tras haber sido sometidos a ensayos de envejecimiento acelerado a alta temperatura y humedad relativa, a las que se suman el NO2 y el H2S, dos gases contaminantes presentes en entornos urbanos de conocido efecto corrosivo.Este trabajo forma parte de una línea de investigación de la Universidad de Almería con la Plataforma Solar de Almería, que llevan a cabo desde hace años estudios sobre la degradación y envejecimiento de reflectores solares a causa de diversos factores ambientales. Se han escogido tres muestras sometidas a envejecimiento acelerado en diferentes condiciones ambientales, y se han estudiado con detalle mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y microanálisis EDS. Con las micrografías obtenidas con SEM se observan las características morfológicas a nivel microscópico y se identifican regiones de interés para su análisis químico, y mediante EDS se obtiene la composición cualitativa de las regiones escogidas, así como una estimación de su composición cuantitativa. Los resultados confirman que las partes que forman los reflectores solares sufren daño derivado de la exposición a los agentes ambientales propios de los entornos urbanos, resultando la combinación de NO2 y H2S la más dañina para los reflectores. A partir de los resultados se proponen posibles mecanismos que causan estas transformaciones indeseadas. Estos estudios aportan información relevante para la mejora del diseño y la elección de materiales para reflectores solares, que aseguren su funcionamiento óptimo con una durabilidad adecuada en entornos urbanos o con presencia de gases contaminantes. The aim of this Bachelor's Dissertation is to study the degradation suffered by reflectors of solar thermal facilities in urban environments through advanced materials characterization techniques. For this purpose, the morphological and chemical transformations that occur in the different parts of the reflectors are identified after having undergone accelerated aging tests at high temperature and relative humidity, in addition to NO2 and H2S, two polluting gases present in urban environments of known corrosive effect. This dissertation is part of a line of research between the University of Almería and the Plataforma Solar de Almería, which have been carrying out studies on the degradation and aging of solar reflectors due to various environmental factors for years. Three samples subjected to accelerated aging under different environmental conditions have been chosen, and they have been studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS microanalysis. With the micrographs obtained with SEM, the morphological characteristics are observed at a microscopic level and regions of interest are identified for their chemical analysis, and using EDS the qualitative composition of the chosen regions is obtained, as well as an estimate of their quantitative composition. The results confirm that the parts that form the solar reflectors suffer damage derived from exposure to environmental agents typical of urban environments, resulting in the combination of NO2 and H2S being the most harmful for the reflectors. From the results, possible mechanisms that cause these undesired transformations are proposed. These studies provide relevant information for the improvement of the design and choice of materials for solar reflectors, which ensure their optimal performance with adequate durability in urban environments or with the presence of polluting gases.
Solar thermal energy, Solar reflectors, Ambientes urbanos, Reflectores solares, Energía solar térmica, Urban environments, Corrosion of materials, Corrosión de materiales
Solar thermal energy, Solar reflectors, Ambientes urbanos, Reflectores solares, Energía solar térmica, Urban environments, Corrosion of materials, Corrosión de materiales
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