
handle: 10835/17158
El constante crecimiento de la población y los cambios en la dieta han incrementado la demanda mundial de alimentos. Esto implica la necesidad de aumentar la producción agrícola y, además, hacerlo de forma que fomente la seguridad alimentaria. Principalmente, se busca reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos, que tantos problemas ocasionan. Entre las principales estrategias agrícolas naturales que persiguen disminuir el uso de agroquímicos, se encuentra la aplicación de los denominados mi- croorganismos promotores de crecimiento vegetal, conocidos como PGPM (Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms). Sobre todo, nos centramos en el uso de las bacterias que proliferan en la rizosfera conocidas genéricamente como Rizobacterias Promotoras del Crecimiento Vegetal (PGPR). Las PGPR son multifuncionales, pudiendo desarrollar diversas actividades que ejercen efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento vegetal. Los mecanismos de acción utilizados pueden actuar directamente, estimulando el crecimiento de la planta, o indirectamente, actuando como Agentes de Control Biológico (BCA) y protegiendo a la planta de fitopatógenos. Actualmente, existe un aumento global en la demanda de biofertilizantes, lo que propicia que el mercado de biofertilizantes microbianos esté creciendo cada año. Esto ha favorecido la investigación y el desarrollo en campos como los de la biotecnología, la nanotecnología y la rizoingenieria, que abren futuras vías para la producción de biofertilizantes ecológicos y eficaces. Así pues, en los próximos años se perfila un futuro prometedor en el campo de la agricultura y las ciencias de la vida. Steady population growth and changes in diet have increased global demand for food. This implies the need to increase agricultural production and, moreover, to do so in a way that promotes food security. Mainly, try to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, which cause so many problems. Among the main natural agricultural strategies that seek to reduce the use of agrochemicals, there is the application of the so-called Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganism, known as PGPM. Above all, we focus on the use of bacteria that proliferate in the rhizosphere known generically as Rhizobacteria Promoters of Plant Growth (PGPR). PGPRs are multifunctional, being able to develop various activities that have positive effects on plant growth. The mechanisms of action used can act directly, stimulating the growth of plants, or indirectly, acting as Biological Control Agents and protecting the plant from phytopathogens. Currently, there is a global increase in demand for biofertilizers, which means that the market for microbial biofertilizers grows every year. This has facilitated research and development in areas such as biotechnology, nanotechnology and rhizo-engineering, which open up future avenues for the production of ecofriendly and efficient biofertilizers. So, in the coming years a promising future in agriculture and life sciences is outlined.
Fertilizantes Químicos, Rizobacterias, Agentes de Control Biológico, Biofertilizantes, Chemical Fertilizers, Microorganismos Promotores de Crecimiento Vegetal
Fertilizantes Químicos, Rizobacterias, Agentes de Control Biológico, Biofertilizantes, Chemical Fertilizers, Microorganismos Promotores de Crecimiento Vegetal
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