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Páramos andinos: ecología, biodiversidad y contribuciones al bienestar humano

Authors: Zapata Guzmán, Angela María;

Páramos andinos: ecología, biodiversidad y contribuciones al bienestar humano

Abstract

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre el conocimiento actual de los páramos andinos, a fin de conocer el panorama existente para la gestión ambiental y servicios ecosistémicos, analizando su conservación, posibles cambios frente al cambio climático y actividades antrópicas que tienen lugar o amenazan su integridad, resiliencia y funcionamiento; centrando el tema de estudio en la ecología, biodiversidad y contribuciones al bienestar humano para los países de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela, en la zona del trópico húmedo sudamericano. En el estudio se identificaron factores antrópicos como cambio de vocación del suelo pasando de conservación a suelos de producción agropecuaria, forestación y la paramización (invasión de zonas de páramos), minería, degradando el ecosistema paramuno frente al cambio global, afectando la capacidad de regeneración vegetal como indicador de retención de carbono y regulación hidrológica entre las funciones ecosistémicas principales del páramo. Las plagas y las invasiones biológicas siguen siendo un tema de estudio poco explorado. El frailejón (Espeletia spp.) es la forma vegetal bioindicadora del ecosistema de páramo, aunque en Perú no se registra pero si presentan pajonales (gramíneas), las segundas formaciones características de los páramos,como en los otros países. Perú el ecosistema de páramo se conoce como Jalca en la zona húmeda, al Norte o Puna en la zona seca, al Sur. En Venezuela el ecosistema de páramo comienza a los 2.500 msnm, mientras que en Ecuador y Colombia comienza a los 3.200 msnm. En los páramos colombianos se registran páramos azonales por debajo de este límite altitudinal. En Perú aparecen a partir de los 3.000 msnm. Para ampliar el estudio se construyó un mapa de páramos andinos, donde se identificaron 133 zonas biogeográficas, con ecosistemas de páramos húmedos tropicales ubicados en la cordillera de los andes. ABSTRACT This bibliographic review is presented to acknowledge the current state of the Andean moorlands, to know the existing panorama for environmental management and ecosystem services, analyzing their conservation, possible changes in the face of climate change and anthropic activities that take place or threaten their integrity, resilience, and functioning; focusing the topic of study on the ecology, biodiversity, and contributions to human welfare for the countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, in the South American humid tropic zone. The study identified anthropogenic factors such as mining, change of land use from conservation to agricultural production, forestation and "paramization" (invasion of paramo areas), degrading the moorland ecosystems in the face of global change, affecting the capacity of plant regeneration as an indicator of carbon retention and hydrological regulation among the main ecosystemic functions of the moorlands. Pests and biological invasions are still an underexplored topic of study. "The frailejón" (Espeletia Spp) is a bioindicator plant species of the páramo ecosystem, Peru does not register it but it does present "pajonales" (grasses) as in other countries; for the Peruvian country the moorland ecosystem is known as Jalca in the humid zone to the North or Puna in the dry zone to the South; in Venezuela, the moorland ecosystem begins at 2,500 m.a.s.l. in Ecuador and Colombia it begins at 3,500 m.a.s.l. in Ecuador and Colombia it begins at 3,500 m.a.s.l. in the north, In Ecuador and Colombia it begins at 3,200 m.a.s.l., in the Colombian moorland there are azonal moorlands below this altitudinal limit; while in Peru it is from 3,000 m.a.s.l. onwards. To expand the study, an atlas of Andean paramos was constructed, where 129 biogeographic zones were identified, with tropical humid paramo ecosystems located in the Andean mountain range

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Nature Contributions to People, Cambios en el uso del suelo, Ecosistemas paramunos, Paramunos ecosystems, Paramization, Changes in land use, Paramización, Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a las personas, Cambio climático, Gobernanza y desarrollo humano, Climate change, Páramos sudamericanos, Governance and human development, Trabajo Fin de Máster de la Universidad de Almería, South American Páramo

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center