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Análisis comparativo del ciclo de vida de una tambucho de fibra de vidrio y un tambucho de fibra vegetal

Análisis comparativo del ciclo de vida de una tambucho de fibra de vidrio y un tambucho de fibra vegetal

Abstract

[ES] El uso de materiales de bajo coste, alta resistencia mecánica específica y buena resistencia a la corrosión marina como es el caso de los composites de fibra de vidrio, ha llevado a que éstos sean predominantes en la industria náutica, haciendo que la mayoría de embarcaciones de recreo convencionales se fabriquen con estos materiales. Sin embargo, su baja reciclabilidad está generando un gran problema medioambiental tras su fin de vida. Para evitarlo, se están buscando soluciones más sostenibles, como el uso de bioresinas reforzadas con fibras naturales (biocomposites). En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo de análisis de ciclo de vida de un tambucho fabricado con resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio frente al mismo tambucho fabricado con bio-epoxi reforzada con fibra de lino. Se ha usado la herramienta OpenLCA y se han calculado 11 categorías de impactos ambientales utilizando el método CML v4.8 2016 y la base de datos Ecoinvent_391. Como conclusión principal se ha demostrado que el tambucho de bio-epoxi reforzado con fibra de lino tiene menores impactos medioambientales que el tambucho de fibra de vidrio, concretamente una reducción del cambio climático del 09% en el daño a la capa de ozono del 31% y del potencial de agotamiento abiótico en un 49%. En conclusión, el uso de un biocomposite de bio-resina reforzada con fibra de lino es una opción medioambientalmente más sostenible que mejora el ecodiseño de pequeñas embarcaciones.

[EU] Kostu baxuko materialak, erresistentzia mekaniko espezifiko handia eta itsas korrosioarekiko erresistentzia ona, beira-zuntzezko konpositeak adibidez, nautikako industrian nagusi izatea ekarri du, eta itsasontzien gehiengoa ohiko jolastokiak material horiekin fabrikatzen dira. Hala ere, bere birziklagarritasun txikia ingurumen-arazo handi bat sortzen ari da bere bizitza amaitu ondoren. Hori ekiditeko, irtenbide jasangarriagoak bilatzen ari dira, adibidez, zuntz naturalekin (biokonpositeak) indartutako biorresinak erabiltzea. Lan honek, beira-zuntzez indartutako poliester erretxinaz egindako estoilada baten bizi-zikloaren analisi konparatiboaren azterketa bat aurkezten du, liho-zuntzez indartutako bio-epoxiarekin egindako estoilada berarekin alderatuta. OpenLCA tresna erabili da eta CML v4.8 2016 metodoa eta Ecoinvent_391 datu-basea erabiliz ingurumeninpaktuen 11 kategoria kalkulatu dira. Ondorio nagusi gisa, liho-zuntzez indartutako bioepoxiko eskotilak beira-zuntzezko eskotilak baino ingurumen-inpaktu txikiagoak dituela frogatu da, zehazki, klima-aldaketa %09ko murrizketa eta ozono-geruzaren kaltea %31ekoa eta abiotikoa agortzea potentziala %49. Ondorioz, liho-zuntzez indartutako bioerretxina biokonposite baten erabilera ingurumenarekiko jasangarriagoa den aukera bat da, itsasontzi txikien ekodiseinua hobetzen duena.

[EN] The use of low-cost materials, high specific mechanical resistance and good resistance to marine corrosion, such as fiberglass composites, has led to them being predominant in the nautical industry, making the majority of boats conventional playgrounds are manufactured with these materials. However, its low recyclability is generating a major environmental problem after its end of life. To avoid this, more sustainable solutions are being sought, such as the use of bioresins reinforced with natural fibers (biocomposites). This work presents a comparative study of life cycle analysis of a hatch made with polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass compared to the same hatch made with bioepoxy reinforced with flax fiber. The OpenLCA tool has been used and 11 categories of environmental impacts have been calculated using the CML v4.8 2016 method and the Ecoinvent_391 database. As a main conclusion, it has been shown that the bio-epoxy hatch reinforced with flax fiber has lower environmental impacts than the fiberglass hatch, specifically a climate change reduction of 09% and damage to the ozone layer of 31%. and the abiotic depletion potential by 49%. In conclusion, the use of a bio-resin biocomposite reinforced with flax fiber is a more environmentally sustainable option that improves the eco-design of small boats.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average