
handle: 10810/73482
[ES] Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) representan un grave problema de salud pública emergente que afectan a la salud sexual y reproductiva en todo el mundo. La infección gonocócica, causada por Neisseria gonorrhoeae, es la segunda ITS bacteriana más común tras Chlamydia trachomatis. En los últimos años, su incidencia ha aumentado significativamente en nuestro país, siendo el País Vasco la segunda comunidad autónoma más afectada por detrás de Cataluña. Actualmente, la infección gonocócica se trata con antimicrobianos, sin embargo, la aparición de cepas resistentes a estos es cada vez más común. Por este motivo, es fundamental realizar una vigilancia epidemiológica molecular que nos proporcione información acerca de los clones que circulan en nuestro medio. Uno de los métodos de tipificación que se emplean con frecuencia es el esquema NG-MAST, debido a su poder discriminatorio y su alto grado de reproducibilidad y capacidad para relacionar cepas. A pesar de sus ventajas, se están introduciendo nuevas técnicas con el objetivo de agilizar este proceso. Recientemente, se ha comenzado a utilizar la espectrometría infrarroja mediante transformada de Fourier (FTIR) como tecnología alternativa de tipado. Este método ha resultado exitoso en diferentes especies bacterianas; sin embargo, son escasos los estudios realizados con N. gonorrhoeae. Nuestro trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las cepas aisladas de N. gonorrhoeae del año 2023 mediante el esquema NG-MAST y comprobar si la espectroscopía FTIR es viable con esta bacteria. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el FTIR aún no es útil como método de tipificación para el gonococo, ya que no observamos ninguna correlación con el esquema NG-MAST. En vista de que N. gonorrhoeae presenta pleomorfismo, es necesario seguir investigando esta prometedora tecnología e incluir diferentes enfoques analíticos en un futuro.
[EN] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a serious emerging public health problem affecting sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Gonococcal infection, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is the second most common bacterial STI after Chlamydia trachomatis. In recent years, its incidence has increased significantly in our country, with the Basque Country being the second most affected autonomous community after Catalonia. Currently, gonococcal infection is treated with antimicrobials, however, the appearance of strains resistant to these is increasingly common. For this reason, it is essential to carry out molecular epidemiological surveillance to provide us with information about the clones circulating in our environment. One of the typing methods frequently used is the NG-MAST scheme, due to its discriminatory power and its high degree of reproducibility and ability to relate strains. Despite its advantages, new techniques are being introduced with the aim of speeding up this process. Recently, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has begun to be used as an alternative typing technology. This method has been successful in different bacterial species; however, few studies have been carried out with N. gonorrhoeae. Our work aimed to characterize N. gonorrhoeae isolates from the year 2023 using the NG-MAST scheme and to test whether FTIR spectroscopy is feasible with this bacterium. The results obtained show that FTIR is not yet useful as a typing method for gonococcus, as we did not observe any correlation with the NG-MAST scheme. Because N. gonorrhoeae shows pleomorphism, it is necessary to further investigate this promising technology and to include different analytical approaches in the future.
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