
handle: 10810/68645
[ES] INTRODUCCIÓN: en la actualidad, son 7 las vacunas contra la COVID-19 comercializadas en Europa. Debido a las campañas de vacunación masiva, los efectos adversos reportados han aumentado progresivamente, causando cierta incertidumbre en la población. Entre ellos, destacan las reacciones cutáneas tanto por su frecuencia como por lo visualmente llamativas que son. OBJETIVOS Y METODOLOGÍA: el objetivo primario de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre las manifestaciones cutáneas como efecto adverso de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 comercializadas en Europa. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA en su última actualización de 2020, se han realizado búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed y en el Registro de COVID-19 Cochrane, obteniendo 23 y 4 artículos respectivamente. También se ha revisado evidencia publicada en otras 12 fuentes de interés así como 13 artículos presentes en la bibliografía de las publicaciones incluidas con anterioridad. RESULTADOS: se han descrito múltiples lesiones cutáneas tras administrar las vacunas contra la COVID-19, siendo las más frecuentes las reacciones locales en la zona de la inyección. Mayoritariamente, estos cuadros se han presentado tras inocular la primera dosis de vacunas de tipo ARNm, especialmente en personas caucásicas de edad media y sobre todo en mujeres. En general, las reacciones en la piel de tipo no alérgicas no contraindican la revacunación, aunque la evidencia es controvertida con respecto a las reacciones de hipersensibilidad y a algunas reacciones potencialmente letales. CONCLUSIONES: la mayor tendencia de las mujeres a presentar reacciones cutáneas y la mayor reactogenicidad de las vacunas de tipo ARNm, son hallazgos que podrían estar parcialmente sesgados. A pesar de recopilarse en este trabajo las reacciones cutáneas más frecuentes y sus características, son necesarios más estudios sobre estos eventos, en vista a facilitar a los profesionales sanitarios evidencia con respecto al diagnóstico y la revacunación de estos pacientes.
[EN] INTRODUCTION: there are currently 7 vaccines against COVID-19 marketed in Europe. Due to mass vaccination campaigns, the reported adverse effects have been progressively increasing, causing some uncertainty among health care workers and the rest of the population. Among them, skin reactions stand out both for their frequency and for how visually striking they are. METODOLOGY AND OBJECTIVES: the primary objective of this work is to perform an exhaustive literature review on skin manifestations as an adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccines marketed in Europe. Following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement in its last update of 2020, searches have been performed in the Pubmed and COVID-19 Cochrane databases, obtaining 23 and 4 articles respectively. Evidence published in 12 other sources of interest was also reviewed and, finally, 13 articles present in the bibliography of the previously included publications were also reviewed. RESULTS: Multiple skin lesions have been described after administration of COVID-19 vaccines, the most frequent being local reactions at the injection site. Mostly, these reactions have occurred after inoculation of the first dose of mRNA type vaccines, especially in middle-aged Caucasians and mainly in women. Generally, non-allergic skin reactions do not contraindicate revaccination, although the evidence is controversial with regard to hypersensitivity reactions and some potentially lethal reactions. CONCLUSIONS: the greater tendency of women to present skin reactions and the greater reactogenicity of mRNA vaccines are findings that could be partially biased. Although the most frequent skin reactions and their characteristics have been compiled in this work, further studies on these events are needed to provide health professionals with evidence regarding the diagnosis and revaccination of these patients.
reacciones cutáneas, efectos adversos, COVID-19, vacunas
reacciones cutáneas, efectos adversos, COVID-19, vacunas
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