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Degeneración del disco intervertebral lumbar en deportistas y su tratamiento

Authors: Etxebarria Garmendia, Ander;

Degeneración del disco intervertebral lumbar en deportistas y su tratamiento

Abstract

[ES] El deportista de élite, que somete a su columna lumbar (CL) a un estrés físico extremo, presenta una alta prevalencia de enfermedad degenerativa discal (EDD) y de hernia discal lumbar (HDL) en comparación con la población general. La evidencia científica disponible sobre las causas de la EDD y de la HDL en atletas, las diferencias entre deportes y posiciones de juego, el papel de la edad y otros factores implicados, es actualmente escasa. Además, no se ha establecido aún un protocolo diagnóstico o terapéutico específico de la EDD y la HDL en deportistas. Este trabajo de fin de grado planteó como objetivos: identificar las causas de la degeneración del disco intervertebral lumbar en deportistas y analizar las principales estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas, tanto quirúrgicas como no quirúrgicas, y las bases de la rehabilitación y de la prevención de nuevas lesiones. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 6 bases de datos científicas: Medline (PubMed), Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, PEDro y UpToDate. Se incluyeron estudios publicados a texto completo en humanos, en inglés y español, en los últimos 10 años que aportaran información relevante sobre EDD lumbar o HDL en atletas, en todos los grupos de edad y sexo, de cualquier disciplina, independientemente de los síntomas, del grado de lesión, de la duración de la enfermedad y de los tratamientos recibidos. Se recuperaron 461 documentos para su revisión por título y abstract (Medline/PubMed, n=180; Embase, n=195; SPORTDiscus, n=61; PEDro, n=23 y Cochrane Library, n=2). Finalmente, 85 estudios cumplían los criterios de inclusión. En base a la evidencia recabada, el principal factor de riesgo para la EDD y la HDL en deportistas es la predisposición genética. Se han identificado múltiples factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos adicionales. Destacan la edad, las lesiones previas, las cargas y el deporte practicado. Aunque el tratamiento conservador es de elección, y las tasas de vuelta al juego son similares entre tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico, las HDL se intervienen en muchas ocasiones. La prevención de la EDD y las HDL es posible. Son necesarios estudios de alta calidad metodológica para mejorar los programas de prevención y tratamiento.

[EN] The elite athlete, who puts his lumbar spine down to extreme physical stress, presents a high degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) prevalence when compared to the general population. Avaliable scientific evidence referring to causes of DDD and LDH in athletes, differences between sports and playing positions, the rol of aging and other involved factors is actually poor. Furthermore, a specific diagnostic or therapeutic protocol for DDD and LDH in athletes has not been established yet. This final degree project suggested the following objectives: to identify the causes of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in athletes and to analyze the main diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, surgical as well as non surgical, and the basis of rehabilitation and prevention of future injuries. In order to achieve this. a bibliographic search was conducted in 6 scientific databases: Medline (PubMed), Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, PEDro and UpToDate. Studies published in full text in humans, in English and Spanish, in the last 10 years that provided relevant information on lumbar DDD or LDH in athletes, in all age and sex groups, of any discipline, regardless of symptoms, degree of injury, duration of disease and treatments received were included. 461 documents were retrieved for title and abstract review (Medline/PubMed, n=180; Embase, n=195; SPORTDiscus, n=61; PEDro, n=23 y Cochrane Library, n=2). Eventually, 85 studies fullfiled the inclusión criteria. Based on the collected evidence, the main risk factor for DDD and LDH in athletes is genetic predisposition. Multiple additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been identified. Age, previous injuries, loads and the sport practiced stand out. Although conservative treatment is of choice and return to play rates are similar between conservative and surgical treatment, LDH is often surgically treated. Prevention of DDD and LDH is possible. Studies of high methodological quality are needed to improve prevention and treatment programmes.

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    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green