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Vacunas profilácticas frente al VPH

Authors: Estefano Nuñez, Vanesa;

Vacunas profilácticas frente al VPH

Abstract

Actualmente sólo existen dos vacunas disponibles para la prevención primaria frente al virus del papiloma humano, Gardasil® y Cervarix®. Ambas vacunas ofrecen una alta protección contra los genotipos 16 y 18 del papillomavirus, que son los responsables de más del 70% de los cánceres de cérvix, segunda causa de mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial en mujeres. Además, Gardasil®, ofrece una protección del 99% para las mujeres y del 89,4% para los hombre, frente a los genotipos 6 y 11 del virus, responsables del 90% de las verrugas genitales. Uno de los principales obstáculos para su uso generalizado es su elevado coste, por ello, los ensayos clínicos se dirigen a conseguir una inmunogenicidad eficaz con el menor número de dosis. Cervarix® se comercializa en Europa con una pauta de dos dosis en niñas de 9 a 14 años, con una inmunogenicidad de 48 meses. Gardasil® ha sido autorizada para su comercialización para una pauta de dos dosis en niñas/os de 9 a 13 años, con una imunogenicidad de 36 meses. Ambas vacunas han despertado una gran controversia en los últimos tiempos, por este motivo se están realizando continuos estudios de control que, hasta la fecha, avalan su seguridad. La falta de información sobre las vacunas, los escasos programas de sensibilización y las dudas sobre su seguridad han dificultado su aceptación. El papel de la enfermera es clave en este aspecto para fomentar la vacunación, a través de actividades dirigidas hacía la promoción y prevención frente al virus del papiloma humano.

Currently there are only two available vaccines for primary prevention against human papillomavirus, Gardasil® and Cervarix®. Both vaccines offer a high protection against genotypes 16 and 18 of the papillomavirus, which are responsible for over 70% of the cervical cancers, second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In addition, Gardasil®, provides protection of 99% for women and 89.4 % for men, against genotypes 6 and 11 virus, responsible for 90% of genital warts. One major obstacle for their generalized use is the high cost, therefore, clinical trials are aimed at achieving effective immunogenicity with fewer doses. Cervarix® is marketed in Europe for a two-dose schedule in girls 9 to 14 year-old, with a 48-month immunogenicity. Gardasil® has been authorized for marketing for a two-dose schedule in boys/girls aged 9-13 years, with a 36-month immunogenicity. Both vaccines have caused great controversy in recent times, and for this reason control studies are being performed in order to guarantee its safety. The limited information about vaccines, limited awareness raising programs and safety thereof have hindered their acceptance. In these regard, nurses play a key role to encourage vaccination, through activities aimed at promotion and prevention of human papillomavirus.

Country
Spain
Keywords

safety, active immunotherapy, papillomavirus vaccines, trust, vaccines, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Cancer Research