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Enantioselectivitat de derivats de prolina com a selectors quirals en cromatografia en contracorrent

Authors: Pérez Montero, Anna Maria;

Enantioselectivitat de derivats de prolina com a selectors quirals en cromatografia en contracorrent

Abstract

[spa] En les últimes dècades, el fenomen de l’enantioselectivitat ha adquirit una importància creixent per a la indústria farmacèutica a l’hora del desenvolupament de nous fàrmacs. Això és degut a la observació d’una diferent resposta per part de l’organisme en funció de l’estereoquímica de la molècula exògena administrada, ocasionada per l’elevada estereoselectivitat dels processos fisiològics. Diferents exemples es poden trobar a la literatura a partir del desastre produït pel fàrmac anomenat talidomida, en què es va responsabilitzar la forma S de l’efecte teratogen mentre s’assignà l’acció sedant a la R. Molts altres fàrmacs quirals presenten una dicotomia d’efecte pels enantiòmers. A mode d’exemple l’anestèsic prolocaïna presenta diferències d’activitat entre enantiòmers. En aquest cas la forma de configuració S posseix majoritàriament l’acció anestèsica, mentre que la R és responsable dels efectes tòxics del fàrmac, que pot produir metahemoglobinèmia. Així, doncs, l’adiministració, i per tant la comercialització de fàrmacs enantiomèricmanet purs, simplifica aspectes farmacològics, farmacocinètics, terapèutics i toxicològics de l’acció dels fàrmacs. Altres avantatges que s’aconsegueixen amb aquest procedir són la disminució de la dosi de fàrmac requerida per a produir l’efecte desitjat i la menor variabilitat interpersonal de l’efecte produït per una determinada dosi. Degut a la importància de l’administració de fàrmacs enantiomèricament purs, en el present treball s’estudia l’aplicació de la cromatografia en contracorrent (CPC/CCC) en la separació de mescles racèmiques. La CCC/CPC és una variant de la cromatografia líquida, en la què la fase mòbil i la fase estacionària estan formades per dos líquids immiscibles entre sí. Així, s’han dissenyat i sintetitzat noves entitats quirals derivades de l’aminoàcid L-prolina. Una vegada caracteritzades, s’ha estudiat la seva aplicació en la separació de racèmics, a la vegada que s’ha estudiat el seu mecanisme d’enantioreconeixment per poder establir unes pautes a l’hora de dissenyar nous selectors quirals (SQ). D’altra banda, la CCC/CPC al tractar-se d’una tècnica que es dona entre dos líquids immiscibles. S’ha estudiat l’aplicació de nous sistemes de dissolvents menys contaminats, com es el cas de l’etoxinonafluorobutà. Així, s’han construït diferents sistemes de dissolvents que contenen el dissolvent fluorat, a l’hora que s’han utilitzat SQs fluorats.

[eng] Nowdays, the significance of the enantiomèric purity in the chiral active ingredients used in drug manufacture is well recognized. In addition, the strict regulations established by health authorities on the commercialisation of chiral drugs, has led to the requirement for analytical and preparative methods for enantioseparation. Although diverse procedures exist, chromatographic techniques are amongst the most used to resolve mixtures of enantiomers at a preparative level. In the present doctoral thesis we intend to study the enantioselectivity phenomena of L-proline derivatives as chiral selectors in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) using diferent solvent systems. CCC is an effective separation technique base don the differences in partitioning of solutes in a sample between two non-miscible solvents or solutions that constitute the solvent system. Therefore, the mobile and the stationary phases in the chromatographic process are liquids. The absence of a solid support opens a whole range of possibilities to apply alternative elution modes alternatives to the classic one. The exchange between mobile phase and stationary phase during the separation, that CCC only involves the change of a valve position, allows the dual and mutidual mode. Also, the application of ph-zone refining, a kind of displacement chromatography that involve the addition of a displacement agent in the mobile phase, has been evaluated in order to improve the separation of ionizable racemates. Finally, the evaluation of the enantioselectivite capacity of fluorinated solvents and chiral selectors has been tested in CCC and in liquid membranes.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cromatografia de repartiment centrífug, Chiral delectors, Centrifugal partition chromatography, Enantiòmers, Delectors quirals, Chiral separation, Ciències de la Salut, Cromatografía de reparto centrífugo, Separació quiral, Delectores quirales, Cromatografia de líquids d'alta resolució, Enantiomers, 615, Quiralitat, L-prolina, Enantiómeros, Chirality, Separación quiral, High performance liquid chromatography

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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