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Terapia celular en modelos de la enfermedad de Huntington

Authors: Bosch Pita, Miguel;

Terapia celular en modelos de la enfermedad de Huntington

Abstract

[cat] La actual investigación en el campo de las células madre está ofreciendo nuevas posibilidades de terapia para enfermedades incurables del sistema nervioso, como es el caso de la corea de Huntington. Esta es una enfermedad hereditaria caracterizada por una degeneración selectiva de las neuronas GABAérgicas del Núcleo Estriado. Para poder desarrollar terapias de reemplazo celular basadas en los transplantes de células madre es necesario controlar el proceso de diferenciación de las células madre hacia el fenotipo neuronal GABAérgico. En la presente tesis hemos estudiado los mecanismos de supervivencia de las células madre en cultivo y los factores implicados en la diferenciación selectiva hacia el fenotipo GABAérgico. Hemos desarrollado un protocolo de diferenciación in vitro basado en la adición secuencial de ácido retinoico (RA) y cloruro potásico (KCl). El RA promueve la supervivencia celular e induce un fenotipo neuronal. El tratamiento con KCl induce selectivamente el fenotipo GABAérgico. Mediante este procedimiento se generan un elevado número de neuronas GABAérgicas maduras, post-mitóticas y funcionales, de forma eficaz y homogénea, a partir de una línea de células madre en cultivo. El transplante de estas células pre-diferenciadas in vitro en el cerebro adulto de rata y en un modelo excitotóxico de la enfermedad de Huntington demuestran un buen grado de diferenciación, supervivencia e integración funcional. Las células muestran una supervivencia a largo plazo, conservan el fenotipo neuronal GABAérgico y elaboran procesos neuríticos asociados a posibles contactos pre- y post-sinápticos. Estos resultados apoyan la posibilidad de desarrollar terapias celulares basadas en la diferenciación de células madre para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

[eng] "CELL THERAPY IN MODELS OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE" The implementation of cell replacement therapies for Huntington's disease using multipotent neural stem cells requires the specific differentiation into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuronal subtype prior to transplantation. In the present thesis we present an efficient culture procedure that induces stable GABAergic neurons from the immortalized striatal neural stem cell line ST14A. This process requires sequential retinoic acid treatment and KCl depolarization. Initial addition of retinoic acid increased cell survival and promoted neuronal differentiation. Subsequent stimulation with KCl induced specific differentiation into GABAergic neurons, yielding 74% of total cultured cells. KCl-evoked Ca2+ influx reduced cell proliferation and nestin expression, and induced neurite outgrowth and GABAergic markers as well as GABA contents, release and uptake. Characterization of the integration, survival and phenotype of these pre differentiated GABAergic neurons following transplantation into the adult brain in a model of Huntington's disease revealed long-term survival in quinolinate-lesioned striata. Under these conditions, cells maintained their GABAergic phenotype and elaborated neurite processes with synaptic contacts with endogenous neurons. We present an in vitro procedure that generates a homogeneous population of functional GABAergic neurons from a neural stem cell line, which survive and maintain their acquired fate in vivo. This data may lend support to the possibility of cell replacement therapies for Huntington's disease using neural stem cells.

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Spain
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Keywords

Trasplantament d'òrgans, 616.8, Transplantation of organs, Corea de Huntington, Teràpia cel·lular, Trasplantaments cel·lulars, Malalties neurodegeneratives, Cellular therapy, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Stem cells, Huntington's chorea, Cèl·lules mare, Ciències de la Salut

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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