
handle: 10803/8591 , 20.500.11797/TDX373
En los últimos años, existe un creciente interés en la sustitución de viejas tecnologías por alternativas catalíticas más limpias para el desarrollo de procesos respetuosos con el medio ambiente para la industria química. De esta manera, es un desafío continuo encontrar nuevos catalizadores básicos capaces de realizar, con alta actividad y selectividad, las reacciones para la síntesis de productos de alto valor añadido tanto químicos como farmacéuticos. La investigación descrita en esta Tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de nuevos protocolos de síntesis para catalizadores básicos. Nuevos materiales con basicidad controlada, tipo hidrotalcita, se han sintetizado a lo largo de esta Tesis. Por otra parte, se ha desarrollado un nuevo protocolo de síntesis para líquidos iónicos alifáticos de cadena corta. Además, se presenta un amplio estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas de los líquidos iónicos sintetizados. Las propiedades básicas de los catalizadores desarrollados se han caracterizado por diversas técnicas y así como mediante el empleo de reacciones modelo. Por consiguiente, el trabajo realizado en esta Tesis permite avanzar en el diseño de nuevos sistemas catalíticos más activos y eficientes para su utilización en procesos de química fina.
In the last years, there is an increasing interest in substituting old technologies by cleaner catalytic alternatives to afford more environmental friendly processes in the chemical industry. In this way, it is a continuous challenge to find new base catalysts able to perform, with high activity and selectivity, reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and fine chemicals.The research described in this thesis has focused on the study of new synthesis protocols for base catalysts. New types of hydrotalcite-like materials with controlled basicity were obtained. Also, a new synthesis protocol for short aliphatic chain ionic liquids and an extensive study of their physico-chemical properties is presented. Their basic properties have been characterized by several techniques and by illustrative test reactions. The work done in this thesis can be regarded as a progress in the design of new catalytic systems, more active and efficient for use in fine chemical processes.
62, 66 - Enginyeria, tecnologia i indústria química. Metal·lúrgia, organic carbonates, 547, 66, 54, 547 - Química orgànica, ionic liquids, olefin izomerization, Layered doble hydroxides, 62 - Enginyeria. Tecnologia, citral, hydrocalumite, base catalysis, aldol condensations, 54 - Química, organic bases, guanidines
62, 66 - Enginyeria, tecnologia i indústria química. Metal·lúrgia, organic carbonates, 547, 66, 54, 547 - Química orgànica, ionic liquids, olefin izomerization, Layered doble hydroxides, 62 - Enginyeria. Tecnologia, citral, hydrocalumite, base catalysis, aldol condensations, 54 - Química, organic bases, guanidines
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