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Factors genètics de susceptibilitat all Transtorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH)

Authors: Sánchez Mora, Cristina;

Factors genètics de susceptibilitat all Transtorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH)

Abstract

El Trastorn per dèficit d’atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH) és un trastorn psiquiàtric que es presenta amb una prevalença del 2.2% en població adulta. La simptomatologia principal del TDAH consisteix en un patró persistent d’excessiva inatenció, hiperactivitat i impulsivitat que s'inicia a la infantesa i que genera dificultats d'adaptació social i de conducta. El TDAH és una malaltia d'herència complexa causada per la interacció de múltiples gens amb factors ambientals de risc. La present tesi doctoral té per objectiu aprofundir en l’estudi dels factors genètics de risc que implicats en la susceptibilitat al Trastorn per dèficit d’atenció amb Hiperactivitat (TDAH) en adults mitjançant estudis d’associació cas-control i metanàlisis. El treball s’estructura en un total de cinc estudis centrats en l’anàlisi de variants polimòrfiques en gens candidats. Quatre dels cinc treballs s' integren dins el consorci europeu de TDAH adult IMpACT, en el que s' han analitzat mitjançant una metanàlisis polimorfismes funcionals en els següents gens candidats; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transportador de Serotonina (SLC6A4), el transportador de Dopamina (SLC6A3) i el receptor de Dopamina (DRD4), en quatre poblacions d' origen europeu. Finalment, s’ha analitzat la contribució de 9 gens candidats del sistema dopaminèrgic mitjançant un estudi cas-control en el qual es van seleccionar polimorfismes del tipus SNP (single nucleotide polimorphism) segons patrons de desequilibri de lligament en dues poblacions de TDAH adults i infantils. Els resultats d’aquests estudis suggereixen que existeixen variants polimòrfiques associades a associades a un major risc de patir TDAH en l’edat adulta i per tant a la persistència del trastorn al llarg de la vida (SLC6A3 i DRD41Qqq), així com variants genètiques de risc específiques de TDAH en l’edat infantil (SLC6A4). L’estudi de 9 gens candidats del sistema dopaminèrgic ha permès identificar el gen DRD1 com a fort candidat a participar en el TDAH infantil específic del subtipus combinat. Finalment, l’estudi d’un polimorfisme del gen BDNF no recolza la participació d’aquesta variant en l’etiologia del TDAH. L’anàlisi dels sistemes de neurotransmissió dopaminèrgic i serotoninèrgic recolzen la hipòtesi que hi han diferències genètiques entre la població de TDAH infantil i TDAH adult, i que per tant existeixen factors genètics que estan implicats en la persistència del trastorn al llarg de la vida, i d’altres que estarien relacionats amb la remissió del trastorn. Aquest treball exemplifica la necessitat d’analitzar sèries amplies de pacients i de realitzar estudis de rèplica en diferents poblacions quan s’avaluen variants comunes d’efecte moderat sobre el risc global de patir una malaltia complexa.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs with a prevalence of 2.2% in adulthood. ADHD begins in childhood and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and causes significant social, educational and psychological problems in childhood and adulthood. ADHD is considered a complex disorder caused by the interaction of multiple genes with environmental risk factors. The aim of this thesis was to get more insight into the genetic factors involved in the etiology of ADHD in childhood and adulthood using case-control association studies and meta-analysis. The work is divided into five studies focused on the analysis of polymorphic variants in candidate genes. Four of the five works are included within the European consortium composed of adult ADHD (IMPACT), in which we used meta-analytic approach for evaluating the role of functional polymorphisms in these genes candidate genes: Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) in four Caucasian samples. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of 9 genes of the dopaminergic system through a case-control study in which polymorphisms were selected according to genetic coverage parameters in two ADHD samples (childhood and adulthood). The analysis of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems support the hypothesis that there are genetic differences among childhood and adult ADHD, and therefore there are genetic risk factors involved in the persistence of the disorder throughout life, and others would be related to the remission of the disorder. This work exemplifies the need to analyze large series of patients and replication analysis in different samples for evaluating common variants of moderate effect on the overall risk of developing a complex disease.

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Trastorns per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat en els infants, Genètica humana, Genética humana, Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children, Genètica molecular, Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques, 575, Human genetics, Psiquiatria genètica, TDAH, Molecular genetics, Psiquiatría genética

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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